V. The economic and Social Council.

II. The General Assembly.

The General Assembly consist of the representatives of all member states of the organization.

- Each member state has one vote, although its delegation can consist of a maximum of five representatives.

- The work of the General Assembly is divided into six main Committees, plus a General Committee, which is composed of a President and seven Vice-Presidents.

- The President is elected for each session by all members.

- The “big five” are included among the Vice Presidents.

- Each member is represented in one of the six committees of the General Assembly, which are as follows:

1. The first committee deals with political, security and armament matters and the most important one;
2. The second committee deals with economic and financial matters;
3. The third with social, humanitarian and cultural matters;
4. The fourth with trusteeship matters;
5. The fifth with administrative and budgetary matters;
6. The six with legal matters;

III. The Security Council.

The Security Council of the United Nations is an executive body of the organization consisting of two kinds of members:

- permanent

- non-permanent

- The non-permanent members are elected for period of two years.

- They are elected primarily on the basis of the geopolitical distribution of seats by the General Assembly, which is also expected to give due consideration to their contribution to the maintenance of peace and security while selecting them.

- A retiring member is not eligible for immediate re-election.

- It selects its own President for period of one month.

IV. The Secretariat.

Unlike the other UN bodies like General Assembly and the Security Council, which function only when their meeting are convened, the Secretariat functions permanently.

- The Secretariat consist of the Secretary General (who is elected by the General Assembly for 5 years on the recommendations of the Security Council) and his supporting staff of around 4000 persons working in New York and Geneva.

- The Secretary General is assisted by five Deputy Secretary Generals who function under him. The work of the Secretariat is organized into five different departments, headed by a Deputy Secretary General. These departments are:

a) Political and Security Affairs;

b) Economic and Social Affairs;

c) Trusteeship and Information from non-self- governing territories;

d) Public information;

e) Conference Services.

V. The economic and Social Council.

The Charter initially provided the Economic and Social Council with 18 members elected by the General Assembly. This member has now been raised to 27. The members are elected for period of three years, one-third of them retiring every year. A retiring member is eligible for immediate re-election. Each member has one representative and possesses one vote. All decisions are taken by a simple majority.

Economic and Social Council is conceived to perform the tasks relating to weaker sections of the international community. It is not meant to be political body and does not perform any function for maintenance of international peace and security.

VI. The Trusteeship Council. Like the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council is also a non-political organ meant to perform certain humanitarian tasks. It was created to administer the former colonies of the defeated powers in the Second World War and consist of the members administering the trust territories, the permanent members of the Security Council and some other members elected by General Assembly. The number of members to be elected by the General Assembly is kept unspecified but Article 86 states that a principle of parity is to be maintained between those members who administer the trust territories and those who do not.

The functions of the Trusteeship Council are to supervise the work of the administering authorities. The Council considers the reports submitted by them and provides for “periodic visits” to the trust territories.

Article 88 suggests the purpose for which the territories are to be administered, for the “political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants”. The UN has formulated a trusteeship system under which these territories are administered by some states on its behalf, the supervision of which is function of the Trusteeship Council.

VII. The International Court of Justice.The International Court of Justice “ the principal judicial organ of the United Nations”. All members of UN are ipso facto members of the International Court of Justice. The States which are not members of the UN can also become members of the court “on conditions to be determined by the General Assembly upon the recommendations of the Security Council”.

The Court consist of 15 Judges elected by the General Assembly and Security Council for a nine-year term/ These Judges are selected on the basis of “high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices”. No two Judges should be citizens of the same country, thus, the principle of “judicial impartiality and national prestige is followed in the appointment of Judges to the Court. The Court entertains disputes between the states only and those between the individual citizens.

The UNO founded on October 24, 1945. The UNO aims to save the world from recurring wars on the basis of “collective security”. To affirm its faith “in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of human persons, in the equal rights of men and women and the nations, however large and small.

Glossary

Objective цель

Pertain иметь отношение

Retire удаляться, отходить

Immediate непосредственный, прямой

Parity равенство, паритет

Ipso facto тем самым

Impartiality беспристрастие

Дата добавления: 2015-11-13