Авторитетный источник

to quote one’s authorities – ссылаться на авторитетные источники

Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.

1competent authority	aпревышать свои полномочия
2law-enforcement authorities/agencies	bвласть / полномочия парламента
3lawful authority	cзаконная власть
4on good authority	dиз надежного источника
5the authority of Parliament	eиметь / осуществлять власть
6to abuse one’s authority	fнеограниченные полномочия
7to endue with authority	gнаделять полномочиями кого-либо
8to gain in authority	hоблечь властью
9to hand over one’s authority to smb.	iпередавать свои полномочия кому-либо
10to have / to exercise authority	jподрывать чей-либо авторитет
11to undermine smb.’s authority	kправоохранительные органы
12to vest smb. with authority	lавторитетный специалист
13unrestricted authority	mприобретать всё большую власть

B Find in the text the English equivalentsfor the following words and expressions.

1 норма

2 в пределах полномочий

3 публичные законы

4 обычаи

5 наказание

6 нарушать нормы поведения

7 обеспечивать соблюдение законов

8 гражданское право

9 отправление правосудия

10 эйтаназия

11 здравый смысл

C Match the following legal terms with their Russian equivalents.

1legislation	aполномочие
2legal system	bорган исполнения судебных решений и
3tribunal	приговоров; полицейский орган
4authority	сприменить правовую норму / закон
5body	dсудейский корпус
6law enforcement agency	епринудительно применимая (правовая) норма
7judgement	fрасследование; запрос
8to enforce law	gсудебная система, правовая система
9rule	hорган; корпус
10the judiciary	iзаконодательство
11inquiry	jсуд, орган правосудия, трибунал
12 enforceable rule	kсудебное решение, приговор

l ( правовая ) норма, правило

D Introduction to law: basic terms.

The following terms introduce you to the law and basic legal terminology. Below are the definitions. Find the definition for each term.

	authority court govern judge legal system lawyers legal action law enforcement agency legislation rule the judiciary tribunal

1 a body that is appointed to make a judgement or inquiry tribunal

2 a country’s body of judges __________

3 an act or acts passed by a law-making body __________

4 behaviour recognized by a community as binding or enforceable

by authority __________

5 legal proceedings __________

6 an official body that has authority to try criminals, resolve disputes, or make

other legal decisions __________

7 an organization responsible for enforcing the law, especially

the police __________

8 a senior official in a court of law __________

9 the body or system of rules recognized by a community that are enforceable

by established process __________

10 the control resulting from following a community’s system

of rules __________

11 members of the legal profession __________

12 to rule a society and control the behaviour of its members __________

E Introduction to law: basic concepts.

Complete the following text about basic legal concepts using the following words and phrases. Use each term once.

	authority court govern judges legal systems law enforcement agency lawyers legal action tribunal legislation rule the judiciary

Why do we have laws and 1) legal systems? At one level, laws can be seen as a type of 2) _______ which is meant to 3) ________behaviour between people. We can find these rules in nearly all social organizations, such as families and sports clubs.

Law, the body of official rules and regulations, generally found in constitutions and 4) ________, is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members. In modern societies, a body with 5) ________, such as a 6) ________ or the legislature, makes the law; and a 7) ________, such as the police, makes sure it is observed.

In addition to enforcement, a body of expert 8) ________ is needed to apply the law. This is the role of 9) ________, the body of 10) ________ in a particular country. Of course, legal systems vary between countries, as well as the basis for bringing a case before a court or 11) ________. One thing, however, seems to be true all over the world – starting a 12) ________ is both expensive and time-consuming.

F Give Russian equivalents to the following word partnerships.

Over to you

“Mercy killing should not be punished”. Write a paragraph containing two points for and two against this statement. Then discuss your answer with other students.

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