Carboxylic acids 7 страница

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247- Salicylic acid is used in the manufacture of cosmetics specific to skin, because it make it more soft, flexible and protect it against sun rays.

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248- Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of cold diseases and headache before using aspirin, however, it caused the bleeding of stomach.

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249- Amino acids are known as organic acids derivatives. The simplest member of amino acids is glycine which is known also as amino acetic acid.

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250- Amino acids are numerous in nature but only twenty of them are found in fat.

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251- The amino acids which form proteins are of the (a) amino type, i.e. the amino group is attached to the (a) carbon atom which is directly attached to the carboxylic group.

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252- The name of an ester is derived from the name of the acid radical and the name of the alkyl group of the aldehyde.

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253- The direct method for the preparation of esters, is the reaction between the carboxylic acid and the alcohol.

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254- Most of the esters are liquids with much lower boiling point than those of the acids or alcohols of nearly equal weight.This is due to the absence of the hydroxyl group which leads to the association of the alcohol and carboxylic acid molecules.

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255- Hydrolysis may take place by the use of dilute mineral acids as a catalyst and is called acid hydrolysis.

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256- Hydrolysis of esters may also be carried out by heating with aqueous alkalies, to produce the alcohol and the salt of the acid. This is called alkaline- hydrolysis or saponification

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257- Esters react with ammonia to give acid amide and the alcohol is called saponification.

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258- Esters as flavour: due to pleasant smells and tastes.so they are used in food industries as flavours.

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259- Esters as Fats and oils are esters produced from the reaction between acids and ketone.

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260- Esters as polymers (Polyester): Polyesters are polymers produced from the condensation of two monomers one of them is a dibasic acid and the other one is a dihydric alcohol.

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267-Salycilic acid and acetic acid causes the excitation of stomach walls, and may cause stomach ulcer.

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XIV) Choose from column (B) what suitable to column (A)

1-d)
2-e)
3-b)
4-c)

1-a) Detection of carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound.
2-c) Prepartion of methane and industrial cooling process.
3-d) Preparation of acetylene
4-b) Detection of phenol.

1-e) Freezes at - 110.5
2-f) An essential material for obtaining dyes and explosives.
3-a) We obtain by its use phenyl acetylene.
4-b) Used in ripening fruits.
5-c) Gives butane and butylene on thermal decomposition.

1-d) Oxidation of ethylene in alkaline medium.
2-f) Alkyl halides with sodium metal.
3-a) Benzene with methyl chloride.
4-c) Sodium phenoxide with .
5-b) Heating benzaldehyde with NaOH

XV. Complete the following diagrams:

1-

1-
2-
3-
4-

2-

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-

3-

4-

1-

5-

6-

XVI) How can you practically test for the presence of:

Carbon and hydrogen elements in an organic compound. Write the symbolic equations and draw the apparatus used.

- Detection of: carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound:

Experiment:
1. Heat the organic compound with CuO in a test tube.
2. Pass the resulting gas over white anhydrous , then through lime water.
Observation:
1. The white colour of turns blue.
2. The lime water becomes turbid.
Conclusion:
The organic compound contains:
1. Carbon which oxidized to which makes lim water turbid.
2. Hydrogen which oxidized to which changes the white colour of into blue.
Sumbolic equations:

7-

XVII) Compare between:
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes.

- How can you differentiate between: practically?

XVIII) Explain with equations, how can you prepare in lab:

1. Methane

Preparation of Methane in laboratory:
Methane is prepared by heating anhydrous sodium acetate with soda lime (dry distillation).

2. Ethylene

Preparation of ethylene in laboratory
Ethylene is prepared by heating ethyl bromide with alcoholic KOH ethyl bromide

3. Acetylene

- Preparation of acetylene in laboratory:
It is Prepared by dropping water on calcium carbide.

TEST 1 ON CH.9:

1 - Reduction of acetic acid by hydrogen in the presen

True
False

2 - Water gas can be prepared by using...............

methane
Alkenes
cycloalkanes
Alkynes

3 - Fridel craft's reaction can be used to prepare...

Toluene
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetylene

4 - To prepare benzene,................. gas is passe

Acetylene
methane
propane
butene

5 - Baeyer's reaction can be used to prepare.........

Ethylene glycol
propane
acetylene
Ethane

6 - The mole of................ gas contians 24 gm ca

ethylene
propane
butane
methane

7 - Unsaturated alkenes react with hydrogen by

addition
elimination
Oxidation
substitution

8 - Gamexane produced from the reacton of benzene with

True
False

9 - To prepare acetylene, water is added to..........

Calcium carbide
Calcium cyanide
Calcium cyanamide
Calcium cyanate

10 - The addition of water to acetylene is considered a

Catalytic hydration
catalytic hydrogenation
Linear polymerization
cyclic polymerization

11 - Fridel crafts reaction is the reaction of benzene

True
False

12 - Ethylene glycol has...............

a colourless
a brown colour
a red colour
a violet colour

13 - The dry distillation of a mixture of sodium benzoa

Benzene
Toleune
Phenol
benzyl alcohol

14 - Markonikoff's rule can be applied on adding hydrog

propene
Acetylene
Benzene
ethene

15 - The carbonyl group in tertiary alcohol is not atta

True
False

16 - Phethalic acid is monobasic acid.

True
False

17 - Haloform reaction is the reaction of methyl alcoho

True
False

18 - Glycerol is trihydric alcohol

True
False

19 - The Wurtz reaction is the reaction between alkyl h

sodium
copper
potassium
calcium

20 - Isopropyl alcohol is oxidized to acetone

True
False

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