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10. 
10. 
14. Esters are the products of the reaction of............... and.......... in the presence of................
14- Acid / alcohol / dehydrating agent
15- Hydrolysis of esters produce................,..............
15- Acid, Alcohol
16- From di-basic aromatic acids.............
16- phtholic acid 
18. The general formula of aldehydes is....................
18- R-CHO
19- Phenol reacts with mixture of conc. nitric acid and conc. Sulphuric acid to give..................
19- Picric acid
II) How can you differentiate between each of the following:
1. Methane and ethene (ethylene)
1. 
2. Primary alcohol / ethanol and tertiary alcohol (tertiary butanol)
3. Ethanol and Methanol.
4. Distilled water and absolute alcohol.
5. Ethanol and phenol.
6. Ethanol and Ethanal (acetldehyde)
7. Ethanol and acetic acid.
8. Acetic acid and carbolic acid (phenol)
III. Write the scientific term for the following:
1. Adding water to acetylene in the presence of a catalyst.
1. Catalytic hydration.
2. Organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties.
2. Isomers
3. Organic compounds are formed only under the influence of a vital force which is found in living cells of the body.
3. Vital force theory
4. A mixutre of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide at mass ration 1:1
4. Soda lime
5. Binding a number of small molecules to form a long chain molecule under high pressure and temperature.
5. polymerization
6. The reaction of an alkene with potassium permengante in an alkaline medium.
6. Baeyer's reaction.
7. A process in which the long carbon chains are broken into shorter ones by the action of heat, pressure and catalysts.
7. Thermal catalytic cracking.
8. The reaction in which the alkyl halide is treated with sodium metal.
8. Wurtz reaction.
9. A mixture of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas.
9. Water gas. (reducing gas)
10. Reaction of esters with ammonia to give the acid amide and alcohol.
10. Ammonolysis.
11. Reaction of ethyl alcolol with Halogens in an alkline medium.
11. Haloform formation reactions
12. Reaction of benzene with alkyl halide (by substitution) to produce toluene.
12. Fridel crafts reaction.
13. Organic compounds containing the functional group (- 
).
13. Primary alcohols.
x15. Number of carboxylic group in organic acid molecule.
15. Basicity of the acid.
16. Esters produced from the combination of fatty acids and glycerol.
16. Fats and oils.
17. The hydrolysis of esters in alkaline medium.
17. (saponification process).
IV) Write the structural formula of each of the following:
1. Sodium phenoxide:
1- 
2. Glycerol
2. 
3. Methanal
3. 
x5. Ester triglyceride
5. 
8. Picric Acid
8. 
9. Carbolic Acid
9. 
10. Urea
11. Calcium carbide
11. 
12. Vinyl alcohol
12. 
14. Sodium ethoxide
14. 
15. Ethylene glycol
15. 
17. Propanone or acetone
17. 
20. Phthalic acid
20. 
21. Ethyl benzeate ester
21. 
24. Ethyl bromide
24. 
25. Toluene or methyl benzene
25. 
V) Rewrite the following statements after correction of the between brackets:
1. Hybridization of carbon atom in ethylene molecule is the type (
)
1- Hybridization of carbon atom in ethylene molecule is the type (
)
2. Oxidation of ethylene in alkaline medium forms (ethanol).
2.................................................. ethylene glycol
VI) Rearrange the following steps to obtain:
1) Ethylene glycol from methane, write the symbolic reaction equations.
1. Heating with alc. KOH - Baeyr's reaction - Halogenation under the indirect sunlight - Wurtz reaction - Halogenation under the indirect sunlight.
1. Halogentation under indirect sunlight:
2. 
c. Hologenation under indirect sunlight
5. 
How you obtain:
1- Black carbon from sodium acetate:
3. Butene from Octane
3. 
4. Water gas from acetic acid.
4. 
5. Ethane from Acetylene
4. 
7. Ethylene from methyl bromide.
7. 
7. Ethylene from ethanol.
7. 
8. Ethanol from ethylene.
8. 
9. Benzene from calcium carbide.
9- 
10. Toluene from sodium benzoate.
10. 
11. Acetic acid from ethyl alcohol.
11. 
12. Iodoform from ethyl alcohol.
12.
13. Sodium phenate from chlorobenzene.
13. 
14. Picric acid from acetylene.
14.
15. Ethanol from methanol.
18.
16. Methanol from ethanol.
16.
17. Benzene from Toluene.
17.
VII) Give reason for each of the following:
1- Wurtz reaction is not used to prepare methane.
1. Because methane contain one carbon atom while the simplest alkane prepared by wurtz reaction contain at least 2 carbon atoms.
2. Ethylene reduces the colour of potassium permenganate.
2. Because the ethylene is unsaturated hydrocarbon compound contain a double bond.
3. When alkanes react with Halogen in direct sunlight explosion takes place.
3. Because hydrogen atoms are eleminated from the alkane molecule.
4. Conc. sulphuric acid is important in Nitration Process.
4. To absorbe water and prevent the reversible reaction
5. Kiselguhr is used when acetylene reacts with chlorine.
5. Because this reaction is vigorous reaction, so kieselguhr is used to decrease its intenstiy.
6. On preparation of ethylene from ethyl bromide alcoholic KOH is used.
6. Because the alcohol KOH eliminates water and prevents the reaction by substitution.
7. It is difficult to oxidize ketones, while it is easy to oxidize aldehydes.
7. Because in aldehydes the carbonyl group is attached to active hydrogen atom while in ketones the carbonyl group is not attached to active hydrogen atom.
8. Alkanes are chemically unreactive compound compared to alkenes and alkynes.
8. Due to the presence of strong sigma bond in alkanes which can not to be broken easily.
9. Oxyacetylene flame is used for welding and cutting metals.
9- Because a large amount of heat is evolved when it burns in an excess amount of oxygen.
10. Aliphatic alcohols have higher boiling points than that of the corresponding alkanes.
10- Due to the polarity of hydroxyl group and the presence of hydrogen bonds between alcohol molecules.
11. On adding a piece of sodium to ethanol, hydrogen gas evolves.
11. Because ethanol has an acidic property, so sodium can replace the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group.
12. The components of ester formation are poured on 
12. Because solution neutralizes both of acetic and sulphuric acids and forming 
which carry the characteristic odour of the ester alone.
13. Methanol does not udnergo haloform formation reaction.
13- Because methanol does not contain the group 
which is necessary for halofrm reaction.
14. Ethylene glycol has a higher boiling point than that ethanol.
14. Because it contains two hydroxyl groups in its molecule while ethanol contains one -OH group only and the b.p depend on the number of the hydroxyl group in alcohol molecule
15. Phenol does not react with hydrogen halide or 
.
15. This is due to the strong bond between the OH group and the benzene ring.
16. Phenol has an aicidc effect on presence of litmus paper while ethanol hasn't.
16. Because the hydrogen of the -OH group in phenol is ionized hydrogen while the hydrogen of the -OH group in ethanol is not ionized.
17. In esterification process, it is preferred to use glacial acetic acid 100%.
17- Because the glacial acetic acid doesn't contain water which decreases the amount of water in the reaction, so the reaction goes forward.
18. It is not preferred to prepare acetaldehyde by the oxidation of ethanol using oxidizing agents.
18. Because this reaction continues to form acetic acid.
19. Formaldehyde can not be prepared by the catalytic hydration of alkynes.
19. Because formaldehyde (methanol) contains only one carbon atom while the simplest alkyne is acetylene which contains 2 carbon atoms.
20. Aldehydes and ketones are similar in most of their chemical reactions.
20. Because both of them contain the carbonyl group () so they undergo the same reactions of addition and condensation.
23. Aldehydes are reducing agents.
23. Due to the presence of effective hydrogen which can be easily oxidized.
24. Carboxylic acids donot undergo the addition or the condenstation reactions in spite of the presence of carbonyl group in the molecule of the acid.
24. Because () is joined to the -OH group, so each one change the nature of the other, and the () group became unreal carbonyl group.
25. The boiling point of acetic acid is higher than that of ethanol.
25. Because each two molecule, of the carboxylic acid attached together by two hydrogen bonds. 
26. The boiling point of esters is low.
26. Due to the absence of hydrogen bonds and they are non polar compounds.
27. Amines are similar to ammonia in the basic property.
27. This is due to the presence of lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom which can form a coordinate bond with water or with acids.
28. The boiling point of amines are lower than that of alcohols which have the same number of carbon atoms.
28. Because the electronegativity of nitrogen atom is less than the electronegativity of oxygen atom, so the hydrogen bond in amines are weaker than the that of alcohol.
29. The aqueous solutions of amines have an alkaline effect on litmus.
29. Because the amines accepts a proton 
from water with separation of 
which turns red litums to blue.
30. It is difficult to prepare aniline from the reaction of chlorobenzyne with ammonia.
30. This is due to the difficulty of replacement of halogen atom attached to a benzene ring by an amino group.
VIII) Choose the correct answer:
1. To detect carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound. The compound heated with...................
a) CuCO3 b) CuSO4 c) CuO
1-c) CuO
2. The general formula 
represents.................
a) Alkanes. b) alkenes c) alkynes
2-b) Alkenes
3. Water gas can be prepared by using...................
a) Methane b) Alkenes c) Alkynes
d) cycloalkanes
3.a) Methane
4. The Wurtz reaction is the reaction between alkyl halides and...........
a) copper b) sodium c) calcium d) potassium
4. b) sodium
5. Methane gas is prepared in laboratory by heating anhydrous sodium acetate with................
a) 
b) slaked lime
c) soda lime d) 
5- c) (soda lime)
6. The mole of................ gas contians 24 gm carbon.
a) Methane b) propane
c) butane d) ethylene
6: d) Ethylene
7. The compound.............. is alkyne.
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
7: d) ()
8. The reaction of ethylene with 
solution in an alkaline medium is called........................ Reaction
a) Wurtz b) Fridel crafits
c) Baeyer's d) williamson
8: c) Baeyer's
9. Ethylene glycol has...............
a) a brown colour b) a red colour
c) a colourless d) a violet in colour
9: c) colourless
10. Unsaturated alkenes react with hydrogen by:
a) Addition b) elimination
c) substitution d) Oxidation
10: a) addition
11. Baeyer's reaction can be used to prepare.................
a) Ethane b) acetylene c) propane d) Ethylene glycol
11: d) Ethylene glycol
12. Ethylene gas can be prepared by heating alkyl halides with alcoholic solution of.................
a) 
b) KOH alco.
c) soda lim d) 
12: b) KOH (alco.)
13. Fridel craft's reaction can be used to prepare.................
a) Ethylene b) Toluene
c) Ethane d) Acetylene
13: b) Toluene
14. Markonikoff's rule can be applied on adding hydrogen bromide to...................
a) Ethane b) propene
c) Acetylene d) Benzene
14: b) (propene)
15. Polymerization of ethylene gives.....................
a) polyethylene b) Acetylene
c) Benzene d) Ethane
15: a) polyethylene
16. To prepare acetylene, water is added to................
a) Calcium cyanide b) Calcium oxide
c) Calcium carbide d) Calcium cyanamide
16: c) Calcium carbide
17. The reaction of ethylene with solution in alkali medium............
a) Baeyer reaction b) Oxidation process
c) Detection of double bond d) All the previous
17: d) All the previous
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