Carboxylic acids 4 страница

18. The addition of water to acetylene is considered as................... process
a) Catalytic oxidation b) Catalytic hydration
c) Linear polymerization d) catalytic hydrogenation.

18: b) Catalytic hydration

19. To prepare benzene,................. gas is passed through hot Nickel tube:
a) methane b) Acetylene
c) propane d) Ethylene

19: b) Acetylene

20. When benzene reacts with methyl chloride in the presence of unhydrous as a catalyst................ is formed.
a) chloro benzene b) Toluene
c) Benzaldehyde d) Benzyl alcohol

20: b) Toluene

21. The dry distillation of a mixture of sodium benzoate and soda lime produces................
a) Toleune b) Phenol
c) Benzene d) benzyl alcohol

21: c) Benzene

22. Heating of benzaldehyde with aqueous sodium hydroxide is called.....................
a) Wurtz reaction b) haloform reaction
c) Cannizzaro's reaction d) Fridel Craft's reaction.

22: c) Cannizzaro's reaction

23. Bonds in methane molecule are formed by the overlap of the orbitals..................
a) S with b) S with
SP with Sp d) S with SP

23: a) S with

24. Sulphonation reaction of aromatic benzene ring is............. reaction.
a) oxidation b) substitution
c) addition d) elmination

24: b) substitution

25. Catalytic hydration of acetylene followed by oxidation of the product gives:
a) methanoic acid b) ethanol
c) Methanol d) ethanoic acid

25: d) ethanoic acid (acctic acid)

26. Heating of monchloro benzene with sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature and high pressure gives:
a) Benzene b) benzoic acid
c) phenol d) benzyl alcohol

26: c) Phenol.

27. Ethylene gas is produced when ethyl bromide is heated with....................
a) Alcoholic solution of KOH b) Soda lime
c) Aqueous solution of KOH d) conc. HCl

27: a) Alcoholic KOH

28. Addition of a mixture of Zinc and dilute HCl acid to nitromethane gives
a) Methane and nitrogen gas b) Methylemine and water
c) Methane and ammonia gas d) secondary amine and water.

28: b) Methyl amine and water

29. Benzoyl chloride is formed from the reaction of benzoic acid with.......................
a) phosphorus pentachloride b) chlorine gas
c) conc. HCl acid d) a and b

29: d) a and b

30. Cannizzaro's reaction is the reaction of sodium hydroxide with...................
a) Benzaldehyde b) Acetaldehyde
c) Acetone d) Acetic acid

30. a) Benzaldehyde

IX) Write the structure formula for:

1-methyl butane

2. chlorobutane

3. Methyl acetylene (propyne)

Propyne (methyl acetylene)

4- methyl 1- pentyne

5) 3،3 dimethyl 1-bytene

X - Compare between organic compounds and inorganic compounds?

-

X) What is meant by:

1. Isomerism give example

1. Isomerism:
Different organic compounds having the same molecular formula but differ in their structural formula and also in their physical, chemical properties.
Example:

2. Linear polymerization?

2. Linear polymerization:
In linear polymerization acetylene is obsorbed in a mixture of and acidified where 2 molecules of acetylene combine with each other to form vinyl acetylene. The polymerization of vinyl acetylene produce poly vinyl acetylene which can be used in the manufacture of plastics.

3. Esterification

3. Esterification:
It is reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol in the presence of dehydrating agent to form ester compound.

In this reaction it is preferred to use glacial acetic acid to decrease the amount of water in the reaction and prevent the reversible reaction.

4. Bakelite?

4. Bakelite:
Phenolic resins can be used in the manufacture of electric tools.

5. Baicity of organic acid?

5. The basicity of organic acid:
It is the number of carboxylic groups in one molecule of the organic acid.
Examples:

XII) Give one use only for each of the following:

1- Sodium acetate

1. Sodium acetate:
It is used for:
a) Preparing methane
b) Industrial cooling

2. Ethylene

2. Ethylene:
It is used for:
a) Ripening fruits
b) an anaesthetic substance

3. Benzene

3. Benzene: It is used as:
a) solvent for fats
b) Manufacture of dyes and drugs

4. Gasolene

4. Gasolene: It is used as:
a) Fuel for motor cars

5. Gamexane

5. Gamexane:
It is used for:
a) Manufacture of insecticides

6. Ethylene glycol

6. Ethylene glycol: It is used in:
a) The hydromatic brake
b) as antifreeze substance

7. Glycerol

7. Glycerol: It is used for:
a) preparation of nitroglycerine (explosive substance).
b) Manufacture of drugs, textiles and cosmotics.

8. Picric acid

8. Picric acid: It is used in:
a) Treatment of burns
b) Manufacture of explosives

9. Lead acetate

9. Lead acetate: It is used in:
a) Detection of sulphide ion.
b) Fixation of dyes on fibres

10. Amines

10. Amines: It is used for:
a) Manufacture of dyes.
Manufacture of artificial rubber.

XIII) Put () or () infront of the following:

1- Organic and inorganic compounds are similar in their solubility in water.

1- ()

2- Wurtz reaction used to prepare methane.

2- ()

3- If Metal salts of acetylene were heated with mineral acids solution, pure acetylene is formed.

3- ()

4- Ethylene can be obtained when ethyl bromide is heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide.

4- ()

5- The addition of hydrogen bromide to propylene is called Willimason's reaction.

5- ()

6- The reaction of alkenes with water is named catalytic hydration.

6- ()

7- Ethylene is used to ripe fruits and plastic preparation.

7- ()

8- Benzene can be obtained by dry distillation of sodium benzoate with soda lime.

8- ()

9- Water gas is formed from the reaction of one volume of and three volumes of hydrogen.

9- ()

10- Acetaldehyde can be obtained from acetylene.

10- ()

11- Aromatic benzene is the benzene which is used as cars fuel.

11- ()

12- The reaction of benzene with a mixture of conc. Nitric and sulphuric acids is named sulphonation reaction.

12- ()

13- Fridel crafts reaction is the reaction of benzene with Hologens.

13- ()

14-Organic compounds are compounds that extracted from animal or plant origin only.

14-

15- Gamexane produced from the reacton of benzene with Hydrogen.

14- ()

3-Vital Force theory(Brezelius theory) considered that organic compounds are formed by vital force which is found in living cells of the body and it is impossible to synthesized them in laboratories.

3-

16-Inorganic compounds are compounds originate from mineral sources in earth.

16-

4- Wohler destroyed the vital force theory, when he prepared urea by heating an aqueous solution of two inorganic compounds, ammonium chloride and silver cyanate.

4-

15- Anhydrous sodium acetate is used to detect water in alcohol.

15- ()

16- Isopropyl alcohol is oxidized to acetone.

16- ()

5-

5-

17- Normal ether can be prepared by heating ethanol at 180 .

17- ()

6-Organic chemistry focused on the study of carbon element as carbon oxides, carbonate and cyanides salt.

6-

18- The carbonyl group in tertiary alcohol is not attached to hydrogen atom.

18- ()

7- The number of organic compounds are less than the organic ones.

7-

19- Haloform reaction is the reaction of methyl alcohol with Halogen in alkaline medium.

19- ()

8-The ratio between the organic and inorganic compounds is approximately 20: 1

8- .

20- Glycerol is trihydric alcohol.

20- ()

7-The abundance of organic compounds is due to the ability of carbon atom to combine with itself or with others atoms.

7-

21- Benzyl alcohol reacts with organic acid to form benzyl acetate ester.

21- ()

8-There are different kinds of bond, it might connect through single, double, triple bonds.

8-

22- Alcohols are neutral while phenol is a weak acid.

22- ()

9-Carbon atoms can join together with one methods, as straight chains.

9-

23- Picric acid is produced from the reaction of phenol with nitric acid.

23- ()

10- - Molecular Formula: It is the formula which indicates the number and kind of the elements which form the chemical compound, and the linkage between the atoms in the molecule.

10-

24- Anisole is a simple ether.

24- ()

11-Structural formula: It's the formula which indicates the number and kind of each element in the molecule, and the kind of linkage between the atoms by the covalent bonds.

11-

25- The boiling point of ether is higher than that of the corresponding alcohol.

25- ()

12-The number of covalent bonds around the atom indicates its valency,and each single covalent bond represents one valency electron.

12-

26- Aldehydes can be prepared by the oxidation of alcohols.

26- ()

13- Isomerism is the presence of many organic compounds are different in the physical and chemical properties and they have the same structural formula and molecular formula.

13-

27- We obtain acetone by the catalytic hydration of acetylene.

27- ()

14-The structural formula show that the molecule has a stereostructure shape i.e. its atoms are directed in the three dimensions.

14-

28- Ketones are not easily oxidized.

28- ()

15- The white colour of anhydrous copper sulphate turns into blue which indicates the absorption of (CuSO₄) to water vapour.

15-

29- Acetone gives pink colour with Fehling's solution.

29- ()

16-Lime water turns turbid due to the evolution of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is formed from combination of oxygen of (CuO) with the carbon of the air.

16-

30- The reduction of acetone by hydrgoen in the presence of a catalyst gives secondary propyl aclohol.

30- ()

17- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen only.

17-

31- Amide is formed when organic acid chloride reacts with ammonia gas.

31- ()

18- Alkanes (C _n H _2n+2) saturated aliphatic open chain hydrocarbons.The carbon atoms are combined together by a single bond called sigma bond which is strong and difficult to be broken therefore they are relatively chemically inactive.

18-

32- Phethalic acid is monobasic acid.

32- ()

19- Each alkane compound exceeds the previous one by (-C₂H₂) group.

19-

33- Reduction of acetic acid by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst produces ethanol.

33- ()

20-Members of alkanes (homologous series) are ended by the suffix (ane), the prefix of the name indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

20-

34- Acetamide is formed by ammonolysis of methyl acetate.

34- ()

35- The molecule of tertiary amine contains three amine groups.

35- ()

21-Homologous series is a group of compounds that having the same molecular formula, chemical properties and graduated physical properties.

21-

22-Alkanes have a very important role as a fuel, as natural gas which is used now as fuel in homes.

22-

23-The Alkyl Radical (R -):It is an organic atomic group which does not found alone. It is derived from the corresponding alkane by removing two hydrogen atom.

23-

24-The name of the hydrocarbon is determined according to the longest continuous carbon chain.

24-

25-If the longest hydrocarbon chain attached to an alkyl group or any other atoms. The numbering of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain begins from the side which is nearer to the branch.

25-

26-The nomenclature begins by the number of the carbon atom from which the chain arises, then the name, of the alkane and ending by the name of the branch.

26-

27- In the nomenclature if the side group is repeated in the hydrocarbon chain we use prefix Di - or Tri - or Tetra - to indicate the number of repetition.

27-

28- In the nomenclature if the branch is a (-ve) group such as. Cl^-, Br^- or NO₂^-, the name of this group is ended by the letter (O) so we say chloro, bromo or nitro.

28-

29-If the side groups are different (alkyl group and halogens). the groups are arranged according to their alphabetical Latin names.

29-

30-Ethane can be prepared in lab. by dry distillation of anhydrous sodium acetate with soda lime.

30-

31- Soda lime is a mixture of Na OH and quick lime Ca(OH) ₂ which doesn't take part in the reaction but it helps in reducing the melting points of the reaction mixture.

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