VI. Protestant Christianity

1. Outline of the lecture

1.History of Protestantism

Protestantism originated in the 16-th century during Reformation. Protestant denominations differ in degree in which they reject Catholic belief and practice.

Common with Catholic and Orthodox Christians: Protestants adhere to the authority of the Bible and the doctrines of the early creeds.

1 out every 4 Christians in the world is a Protestant.

2. Lutheranism

*Founder-

The number of adherents- 82, 6 mln people.

At first, this term Protestant used politically for the states in Germany that resisted to the Edict of Worms. Over time, this term came to be used for the religious movements that opposed the Roman Catholic tradition in the 16-th century.

*Doctrine- 1) Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone)-

2)

3)

Sinners cannot do anything to satisfy God’s justice. Every human thought and deed is coloured by sin and sinful motives. God has intervened in this world because he loves sinners and does not want them to be damned to Hell and by his grace alone – a person is forgiven, adopted as a child of God and given eternal salvation.

At death, Protestants are immediately taken into the presence of God in Heaven, where they await the resurrection of the body at the second coming of Christ.

Practices.

Great emphasis on worship service: music, hymns, children’s choirs.

Pastors usually teach in the common language of the parish. They can marry.

3. Calvinism

Calvinism marks the second stage of the Protestant Reformation. It was originally a Lutheran movement. But in Swiss it developed in a direction independent on Lutheranism. One of the outstanding reformer in Swiss was John Calvin.

Doctrine

Central idea- total dependence of God. Every good thing is there because of God’s unmerited grace and salvation especially is dependent on grace.

Calvinism has been called “ worm theology”- humans are but miserable sinners (worms). How a person ought to live: all his life is the outworking of the plan of God- absolute dependence on God.

People in their natural state do not have the ability to turn to God. It is the grace and will of God through the Spirit to reborn dead through the Word. (The Bible:

“ But a natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them”)

4. Anglicanism

The Anglican church is both Catholic (stressing its continuity with the ancient church) and Reformed / Protestant (noting that the Church does not accept the universal authority of the Pope.)

Now Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the worldwide Anglican communion, is appointed by the crown of the UK.

2.Questions for test.

1. Causes of Protestant movements.

2. Main trends in Protestantism

3. Main characteristics of Lutheranism.

4. Calvinism.

5. Origin of Anglicanism

3. Glossary

Denomination- вероисповедание

Creed- вероучение

Grace- милость, прощение

Archbishop- архиепископ

Communion- группа людей одинакового вероисповедания

4. Task for IWS.

Sects in Protestantism (1), стр. 224-240

5. Task for office hours

Anglican church (1), стр. 221-223

6. Reference

Музафарова Н.И. История религий, стр. 211- 240

VII. Islam

1. Outline of the lecture

1. Origin of Islam

Islam is a monotheistic religion. “Islam” in Arabic means “submission”(to God). The Arabic word “ Muslim” means “ vassal” of god.

Since Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, claims descent from the biblical patriarch Abraham, it sees itself as an Abrahamic religion. Muslims hold that it is the same belief as all messengers are sent to by god to mankind.

*Islam emerged in the Near East in the VII century o n the territory________________

It was the time of the states formation and internecine wars between Arabic tribes. The Arabs needed strong state and this was done by the religious-political movement of Islam. Founder of Islam- Muhammad (570-632). The year of 622, when Muhammad resettled to Medina, is date of Islam foundation. In 630 Mecca adopted Islam and became the center of Islam and Arabic Caliphate. Spreading of Islam was accompanied by wars under the slogan of jihad. Muhammad took part in 18 battles.

2. Main beliefs

Muhammad brought a message of radical monotheism. Allah was the one and only true god, to worship any other was a grave sin. Allah was almighty, righteous in judgment, terrible in his wrath (гнев), merciful and loving to his followers

Compare with Buddha and God in Christianity

**

Islam, however, believed itself to be the final revelation.

No such thing as incarnation (god becoming human) is possible in Islam.

There are 6 basic beliefs in Islam:

1.

2.

3.

The scriptures recognized in Islam are:

i. The Koran (Quran, Qur’an)

ii. The Torah- the first five books of Moses

iii. The Injil- the gospel message of Jesus in the New Testament

iv. The Psalms- the sacred writings given to David

4.

5.

6.

3. Doctrine. Religious feasts

The Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the most fundamental aspects of Islam. These are 5 duties that every Muslim is obliged to perform

Shahada- the Testimony that there is none worthy of worship except God and that Muhammad is his messenger

Salat- establishing of 5 daily prayers. Muslims prefer to perform Salat with others as this demonstrates the unity of all Muslims.

Sawm (Uraza)- fasting from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadhaan, the 9-th Muslim month.

Zakat- charity

Hajj- pilgrimage

Sharia (Shariah) is the code of social norms for Islam. The Koran and the Sunnah contains narrations of the Prophet sayings) is the source of Islamic jurisprudence. Sharia covers not only religious rituals but many aspects of day-to-day life.

Dietary laws

Dress code

Holidays

Friday

Ramadan

Feast of Breaking the Fast

The Big Feast

Ashura

2. Questions for test

1. Origin and spread of Islam.

2. Main beliefs in Islam

3. Religious traditions in Islam

3. Glossary

Submission- подчинение

testimony- утверждение-бекіту

Internecine- междоусобный

fast- пост, поститься

Almighty- всемогущий- құдіретті

Revelation- откровение- аян беру

Gospel- евангелие-інжіл

4. Task for IWS- Islam and modernity

5. Task for office hours- Women in Islam

6. References

Музафарова Н.И. История религий. стр.240-282

Религии мира. Энциклопедия. М. 1996 раздел «Ислам»

A History of the World Religions. Chapter “ Islam”

http:// www.carm.org/islam/faith_imam.htm

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14