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History of the World Religions

III. World religions. Buddhism | IV. Christianity | VI. Protestant Christianity | VIII. Islam as a political movement | IX. National religions. Judaism | The Yin Yang symbol | XIII-XIV. Sikhism. Zoroastrianism |


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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

KAZAKH-AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

 

Golikova V.I

HAND-OUTS

ON THE COURSE

“HISTORY OF WORLD RELIGIONS”

FOR the 2nd YEAR STUDENTS

 

Almaty 2012

 

Author: Golikova V.I., KAU assistant professor

 

Recommended for publishing by decision of the Methodical-Scientific Council of General Education and Humanities Department, Kazakh-American University, the minutes #

 

Hand-outs on the course «History of World Religions» are developed for the 2nd year students of “International Relations” major. Hand-outs correspond to the curriculum and syllabus. The collection of handouts will help students to take active part at lectures and seminars. Hand-outs also may be used to develop individual and creative work skills and at exams preparations.

 

 

© Kazakh-American University

Golikova V.I., 2012

 

 

 

History of the World Religions

The discipline “History of the World Religions” reflects contemporary social tendency of interest to religious problems. It studies theoretical questions: sociological theories on religion, its social role and functions. History of religions is studied from the primitive religion to national and world religions. Doctrines of the major religions are investigated.

As a result student should

know:

- reasons of religion emergence

- sociological theories on religion

- major world religions

- religious situation in Kazakhstan

be able:

- to analyze major world religions

- to show the role of religion in the modern world

- to define the influence of religion on world processes

 

I. Introduction. Religion and society

1. Outline of the lecture

1. Definition of religion

Religion in Latin means” connection”- it connects a man and God or supernature. Religion is a fundamental feature of all societies, essential part of culture. Central issue of any religion is a conception of a powerful and supernatural force that is able to rule over universe. Religion is studied by many sciences: theology, philosophy, sociology, biology, psychology, ethnology and others, their conceptions on religion are different by the central question is: what is Ego and what is the sense of existence. General definition is: religion is a form of social consciousness combining rational and irrational explanation of nature and the world.

2. Sociological theories of religion.

Each of the major sociological perspectives make an important contribution to understanding the relationship between religion and society.

The structural- functionalist theory

Sociologists of this perspective view religion as serving an essential role in preserving social order: religion helps reinforce group identity, offer solace in time of crises and promote morality.

*E. Durkheim

Durkheim described 4 major functions of religion:

1) Social solidarity

 

2)Social control

 

 

3)Providing meaning and purpose of life

 

 

4) Psychological/ Emotional support

 

 

**Criticism

The symbolic interactionist theory- all religions use symbols to create group identity and solidarity. Christians rally around the cross, Jews- star of David, Moslems-the crescent moon and star. Religious symbols are a form of communication, religious rituals and practices help unite people into a moral community.

*Criticism-

 

The conflict theory.

**K.Marx

M.Weber’s views on religion.

He saw a strong connection between religious values and economic value. He differed from Marx and Durkheim in that he thought that religious values tend to influence and shape social structure rather than reflect it.

3. Functions of religion

Functions of religion:

1) religion creates special understanding of the universe based on supernatural and superpower Spirit of Ration that rules over all processes in the universe

2) compensating function helps a man to compensate his weakness and sufferings by belief, divert from unwanted life situations

3) integrating and differentiating –it integrates believers and at the same time disintegrate them on religious basis.

4) regulating- religion tends to support the normative structure of society, sustains the existing class structure. Religion may both promote and retard social change.

Religious characteristics. G.V. Plekhanov saw 3 components of religion:

- mythological elements

- emotional elements

- religious actions or religious cult

 

2. Questions for test

1. Definition of religion

2. Theory of Durkheim

3.Theory of Marx

4. Theory of Weber

5. Function of religion in society

3. Glossary

Solace-утешение

Crescent- полумесяц

 

4. Task for IWS- Types of religion (1, 12-14)

 

5. Task for office hours- Origination of religion (1, 4-7)

 

6. Reference

Музафарова Н.И. История религий. Ростов-на Дону, 2004., стр.7-57

David S. Noss, A History of the World Religions. N.Y. London. 1990, p. 5-32

The Social Web

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religious

 

 

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