Pollute something with something

UNIT 5

PREVIEW

1. Average - the amount calculated by adding together several quantities, and then dividing this amount by the total number of quantities:

Americans own a large number of cars. The average for each family is two.

The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7.

Add up the figures in the table below and find the average.

On average, men still earn more than women.

Japanese people live longer than Europeans, on average.

Streets in the town center are wider than the average.

above/below average

In 2004, the rainfall was slightly below average.

higher/lower/better/larger etc than average

2. Chemistry - the science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other:

Scientists in the field of green chemistry are finding creative ways to make chemicals.

It's obvious that there's a very real chemistry between them.

chemical -a substance used in chemistry or produced by a chemical process

Petroleum production and its use in chemicals cause many problems.

toxic/hazardous/dangerous chemicals

the organic chemicals industry

synthetic chemicals

chemist - a scientist who has special knowledge and training in chemistry:

Green chemist must think about the effects of their alternative fuels.

3. A field - a subject that people study or an area of activity that they are involved in as part of their work:

Professor Right is an expert in the field of chemistry.

her work in the field of human rights

He's the best-known American outside the field of (=not connected with) politics.

4. Fuel -a substance such as coal, gas, or oil that can be burned to produce heat or energy:

Coal is one of the cheapest fuels.

an empty fuel tank

add fuel to the fire/flames

5. A goal -something that you hope to achieve in the future synonym aim:

My goal is to stop using a lot of fuel and other chemicals.

His ultimate goal was to set up his own business.

A good school is a community whose members are all working towards a common goal.

achieve/meet/accomplish etc a goal

set (yourself/somebody) a goal

long-term goal/short-term goal

6. Harm -damage, injury, or trouble caused by someone's actions or by an event:

Today we need products that help people without causing harm to the environment.

do harm (to something)/do something harm:

Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside.

This won't do his career serious harm.

psychological/emotional harm

Naturally, parents try to shield their children from harm.

there is no harm in (doing) something

There's no great harm in taking something to relieve a headache.

It was a silly thing to do, but don't worry. No harm done.

7. To imagine -to form a picture or idea in your mind about what something could be like

Just imagine what the world would be like with no cars.

Imagine life without hot water.

It was hard to imagine how the system could be improved or made more convenient.

Somehow I can't imagine him without a beard.

After such a dry summer, it's difficult to imagine what rain looks like.

8. To increase -a rise in amount, number, or degree synonym rise; opposite decrease

There has been an increase in the number of cars in the world over the last 50 years.

There was an increase of about 17% in the urban population between 1910 and 1920.

substantial/large/massive/huge increase

The countryside is under threat from a massive increase in traffic.

slight/small/modest increase

threefold/fourfold/fivefold etc increase

9. An industry - the large-scale production of goods or of substances such as coal and steel:

60 percent of Europeans have negative views of the chemical industry.

heavy/light industry

coal/car/textile etc industry

I work in the oil industry.

tourist/travel/leisure/catering etc industry

Italy's thriving tourist industry

industrial -relating to industry or the people working in it:

Industrial production often creates products that can be dangerous to people’s health.

10. To kill -to make a person or animal die:

Too much water is not good for plants – it can kill them.

Bleach kills household germs.

You're going to kill yourself on that bike.

It kills me to see him working so hard.

I could kill for a smoke right now.

11. Modern -belonging to the present time or most recent time:

synonym contemporary

Smaller families are a feature of modern society.

Computers are an essential part of modern life.

The original supermarkets were small by modern standards.

12. Petroleum -oil that is obtained from below the surface of the Earth and is used to make petrol:

It is hard to imagine modern life without petroleum.

13. To pollute -to make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use:

Burning petroleum fuels pollutes the air.

Beaches are polluted by raw sewage

The factory pollutes the air and water.

heavily/severely/badly etc polluted

The island has been seriously polluted by a copper mine.

pollute something with something

The rivers had been polluted with aluminium.

polluted -dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use:

This is one of the most polluted areas in the world

polluted air/water/rivers etc

pollution -the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty:

Experts agree that pollution from burning fossil fuels can cause global warming.

14. Safe -not likely to cause any physical injury or harm:

Some chemicals are safe, but others are dangerous.

Don't go near the edge - it isn't safe.

Flying is one of the safest forms of travel.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16