III. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

Reading

I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

Ancient, Sumerian, Egyptian, accept, create, ensure, growth, science, experience, research, convey, technique, competent

II. Read and translate the following international words:

Leader, result, company, practically, structure, practice, golf, tennis, volleyball, objective, fact, systematic, planning, control, type, course, competent

III. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

While reading the text for the first time find answers to the following questions:

1. What is the general subject of the text?

2. Who was the first to begin to use management?

3. What leading businessmen refused to accept management?

4. Which paragraph describes the requirements for a modern manager?

The practice of management is quite ancient and can be traced to 3 000 B.C. to the first government organizations developed by the Sumerians and Egyptians. Nowadays nobody denies the importance of management. But some 19^th century business leaders refused to accept managers and management. Henry Ford I in the USA and Werner von Siemens in Germany, for example, believed that managers were unnecessary. As a result, their companies were practically destroyed by mismanagement. When new people headed the companies, they created a management structure and a management team and ensured the rise and growth of the company.

Management is both an art and science. It is an art because many skills cannot be learnt from a textbook. Management takes practice, just like golf, tennis or volleyball. Studying a book helps, but that is not enough. Many skills are learnt only through experience.

Management is also a science because many objective facts about successful performance of an organization are acquired through systematic research and can be conveyed through teaching and textbooks. Systematic knowledge about planning, organizing and control, for example, helps managers understand the skills they need, the types of roles they must perform and the techniques needed to manager organizations.

A successful manager requires a combination of formal learning and practice, of science and art. Practice alone used to be enough to learn how to manager, but no longer. A formal course in management can help a manager become more competent and be prepared for the challenges of the future.

VOCABULARY NOTES:

ancient	древний
be traced	обнаруживать
B.C. – Before Christ	до Рождества Христова
Sumerians	шумеры
Egyptians	египтяне
deny	отрицать
refuse	отказывать
accept	принимать
destroy	уничтожать
head	возглавлять
creative	создавать
ensure	гарантировать
rise	подъем
growth	рост
research	исследование
convey	передавать
technique	метод, способ, прием
competent	компетентный, знающий
challenge	трудная, но интересная задача

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16