Студопедия
Случайная страница | ТОМ-1 | ТОМ-2 | ТОМ-3
АрхитектураБиологияГеографияДругоеИностранные языки
ИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураМатематика
МедицинаМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогика
ПолитикаПравоПрограммированиеПсихологияРелигия
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоФизикаФилософия
ФинансыХимияЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

General considerations

TYPES OF EQUIVALENCE | Second Type – Partial Correspondence Equivalence. | Third Type – Situational or Factual Equivalence. | Partial Equivalence | Transpositions | Replacements of sentence types | Referential Meaning and its Rendering in Translation | Divergences in the Semantic Structure of Words | Different Valency | Rendering of Geographical Names in Translation |


Читайте также:
  1. A general model for introducing new language
  2. A note on the moral aspect of practical considerations
  3. A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  4. Agreement of the predicate with the subject (general notion, rules of agreement).
  5. AND SOME GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
  6. Article 65. General principles of imposition of punishment
  7. As a general rule, uncountable abstract nouns are used without any article. The absence of the article has the nominating meaning.

 

Equivalence, as has been pointed in the previous chapter, is achieved by different transformations: grammatical, lexical, stylistic. The present chapter deals with grammatical transformations and their causes. The causes generating these transformations are not always purely grammatical but may be lexicalas well, though grammatical causes naturally prevail due to differences in the SL and TL grammatical structures.

Not infrequently, grammatical and lexical causes are so closely interwoven that the required transformations are of a twofold character. The following example illustrates this point.

 

The vigil of the U.S. Embassy supported last week by many prominent people and still continuing, the marches last Saturday, the resolutions of organizations have done something to show that the Prime Minister does not speak for Britain.

Круглосуточная демонстрация у здания американского посольства, получившая на прошлой неделе поддержку многих видных деятелей, все еще продолжается. Эта демонстрация и состоявшиеся в субботу походы, а также принятые различными организациями резолюции, явно свидетельствуют о том, что премьер-министр отнюдь не говорит от имени всего английского народа.

 

A number of lexical and grammatical transformations have been effected in: 1) the long English sentence in which the subject is expressed by three homogeneous members (the vigil, the marches, the resolutions) is translated by two separate Russian sentences. The structure of the English sentence is typical of the structure of brief notes or of leads which usually contain miscellaneous information on the principles of “who, what, when, where and how”. This, however, is not usual in Russian newspaper style. The word демонстрация is repeated as both sentences have the same subject. 2) The word “ vigil ” has recently developed a new meaning – “ around the clock demonstration ”. This new meaning is accordingly rendered by two words (круглосуточная демонстрация); similarly, the participle “ supported ” is also rendered by two Russian words (получившая поддержку); 3) a number of additional words have been introduced: у здания (посольства), состоявшиеся (в субботу походы), а также принятые различными (организациями резолюции). 4) The word “ last ” has been omitted as its meaning is implied in the Russian adverbial of time (в субботу); 5) The emphatic meaning of the predicate with its object (have done something to show) is conveyed by the adverb явно. 6) The cliché (speak for Britain) is rendered by a corresponding cliché говорить от имени. 7) Finally, the metonymy (Britain) is translated by the words it stands for весь английский народ.

Strictly speaking only the translation of the complex sentence by meaning of two sentences can be regarded as a purely grammatical transformation, whereas all the other transformations are of a mixed character – both lexical and grammatical.

 


Дата добавления: 2015-11-16; просмотров: 91 | Нарушение авторских прав


<== предыдущая страница | следующая страница ==>
TYPES OF TRANSLATION| Non-equivalents

mybiblioteka.su - 2015-2024 год. (0.007 сек.)