Control questions

1. What is definition and causes of syndromes of lobar and focal consolidation of lung tissue?
2. What are symptoms and signs of the lobar and focal consolidation of the lung tissue?
3. How can consolidation of the lung tissue be confirmed by instrumental examination?
4. What is definition and causes of the pleural effusion?
5. What are symptoms and signs of the pleural effusion?
6. How pleural effusion can be confirmed by instrumental examination?
7. How pleural fluid should be investigated with laboratory methods
8. What is definition and causes of the pneumothorax?
9. What are symptoms and signs of the pneumothorax?
10. What is definition and causes of the atelectasis?
11. Which types of atelectasis do you know; their distinguishing symptoms and signs?

Practical task that should be performed during practical training

1. Revealing and assessment of symptoms and signs of focal and lobar consolidation of the lung tissue

2. Revealing and assessment of symptoms and signs of pleural effusion

3. Revealing and assessment of symptoms and signs of pneumothorax

4. Revealing and assessment of symptoms and signs of atelectasis

5. Assessment of the pleural fluid analysis

Situation tasks

Task 1

40-year-old male patient, height 180 sm, long time smoked, suddenly feels knife-like pain in the chest and breathlessness after physical extension. At visual examination left part of the chest enlarged and is left behind from right in breathing, at percussion – resonant sound, at auscultation – breathing is absent.

1. What syndrome has developed at the patient?
2. Which investigation should be performed to confirm it?
3. How is respiratory rate changed at the patient?

Task 2

19-year-old female patient complains of dyspnea, cough with purulent sputum and left side chest pain. The symptoms appeared after hard work and overcooling 3 days before. At the visual inspection skin is pale and cyanotic, respiratory rate is 32 and left part of the chest is left behind from right. At auscultation you hear pathological bronchial breathing.

1. What syndrome has developed at the patient?

2. What signs of the syndrome can be obtained by percussion?

3. What investigation should be used for confirming syndrome?

Task 3

79-year-old male was admitted to pulmonology department with hemoptysis and breathlessness. During examination patient’s general condition is moderate severe, skin is pale and cyanotic; at auscultation – weakened vesicular breath sound over lower right lobe. You suppose a central lung cancer.

1. What syndrome has developed at the patient?
2. What signs of the syndrome can be obtained by percussion?
3. Which method can help you to confirm diagnosis?

Task 4

55-year-old female patient notes dry cough, breathlessness and palpitation. Patient condition is severe, diffuse cyanosis; right part of the chest is left behind from left. At percussion – dull sound over lower right lobe.

1. What syndrome has developed at the patient?
2. What signs of the syndrome can be obtained by auscultation?
3. What investigations are mandatory for establishing diagnosis?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-13