Luxor and Aswan.

News. My parents and I are coming to Egypt for a holiday.

2- Ahmed: To Egypt! When are you coming?

Tom: Next month.

Ahmed: Great! And how long are you staying?

Tom: Two weeks. We’re coming to Cairo for three days and then we’re going to

Luxor and Aswan.

3- Tom: Listen, Ahmed, can you help me?

Ahmed: Certainly, Tom.

Tom: Your dad works in the tourist industry, doesn’t he?

Ahmed: Yes.

Tom: Well, he’ll be able to answer questions about Egypt, won’t he?

Ahmed: Of course. That’s his job.

4- Salma: Who are you talking to, Ahmed?

Ahmed: Just a minute, please, Tom. I’m talking to my pen friend, Salma.

5- Ahmed: Sorry, Tom.

Tom: No problem. Who’s that?

Ahmed: My little sister, Salma.

Tom: She sounds nice. I hope we’ll meet.

Ahmed: I’m sure you will!

6- Ahmed: Listen, Tom. Phone me again, when you’re in Egypt.

7- Tom: OK, but I’ll send you some questions. Can your dad answer them?

Ahmed: No problem at all. I’ll ask Dad and then I’ll e-mail the information.

8- Tom: Fantastic. Well, it’s been great talking to you.

Ahmed: And I’m really looking forward to meeting you.

Tom: Me too. OK, bye for now …

الكلام المباشر والغير مباشر Direct and indirect speech:-

* الكلام المباشر "Direct Speech" هو ما قاله شخص ما. ويكون الكلام موضوعاً بين أقواس مقلوبه مثل:

"Don't come late, Tamer."

* الكلام الغير مباشر "Indirect Speech" هو كلام منقول عن شخص ما قاله وأخر ينقله. مع ملاحظة حذف الأقواس فى الكلام الغير مباشر مثل:

The teacher asked Tamer not to come late.

1- الجمل الخبرية:

للتحويل من مباشر الى غير مباشر يلزم الأتى:-

1- نحذف الأقواس المقلوبة.

2- نحول فعل القول كالأتي:-

say \ says says say to tell

said said said to told

- اذا كانت الجمله خبريه نربط ب (that)، و(to) اذا كانت الجمله أمر أو طلب، و(not to) اذا كانت الجمله أمر منفى. أما اذا كان سؤال نربط بنفس علامة الإستفهام الموجوده فى السؤال المراد تحويله، ولكن اذا كان السؤال مبدوء بفعل مساعد / ناقص نربط ب (if).

3- نغير الظروف والضمائر حسب المتحدث والمخاطب فى أول الجملة المراد تحويلها كالأتي:-

I he-she	We they	Our their
You I- he-she	My his-her	Your my-his-her
Me him-her	Mine his-hers	Your his-her-mine

4- يمكن تغيير الروابط الزمنية كالآتي:

الكلمة	تحويلها	الكلمة	تحويلها
Tomorrow	The next day	Yesterday	The day before
Next (week)	The (week) after	Last (week)	The (week) before
Here	There	Now	Then
Today	That day	This (week)	That (week)

5-نغير الأزمنه الى الأبعد مثل:-

المضارع البسيط يتحول إلى ماضى بسيط و الماضى البسيط إلى ماضى تام (had + p.p)

الكلام المبلغ للغير Reported Speech (كلام شخص ما مبلغا للغير) Was Were Had Would Could Might Had to الماضى البسيط past simple saw Past simple / past perfect الماضي البسيط أو الماضي التا م (saw / had seen)

الكلام المباشر Direct Speech (الكلام الذى نطق بة شخص ما) Am / is Are Has / have Will Can May Must / have to / has to المضارع البسيط present simple see الماضى البسيط past simple saw

Past Simple: He said that he liked fish.	Present Simple: He said " I like fish. "
Past Continuous: Marwa said that she was talking to Sara.	Present Continuous: Marwa said" I'm talking to Sara."
Past Perfect: Ali said that he had arrived late.	Past Simple: Ali said" I arrived late."
Past Perfect: Sara said that she had ironed the shirt.	Present Perfect:" I've ironed the shirt." said Sara.
Would:He said that he would see me later.	Future with will: " I'll see you later." He said.
Past Continuous of going to: She said that she was going to learn French	Future with going to: "I'm going to learn French." she said
Past Continuous: Salma said that she was leaving soon.	Future with Present Continuous: Salma said " I'm leaving soon."
Could: He said that he could swim.	Can: He said " I can swim."

ملحوظة:

العبارات عن الأشياء التي لا تتغير أو الحقائق تظل في زمن المضارع.

EX:- " The Earth goes round the sun." said the teacher to the students.

- The teacher said that the Earth goes round the sun.

2-جمل الأمر:

- نحول "said to" إلى" told ".

- نحذف الأقواس و نربط ب " to ". ثم نضع بعدها فعل الأمر كما هو ثم نحول الضمائر.

EX: " Clean the car, Ayman. " said Mohamed.

- Mohamed told Ayman to clean the car.

3- الأمر المنفى:

تحول " don't " إلى " not to "ونحذف " please " إن وجدت.

EX: " Don't talk in class' Mona." the teacher said.

- The teacher told Mona not to talk in class.

4- السؤال ب... هل:Yes/ No question: نستخدم wanted to know " or ” asked""

نربط ب... " if " or " whether " بعد حذف الأقواس بدلا من الفعل المساعد.

...... فعل + فاعل + if + مفعول +asked + المتحدث

EX: " Do you like fish, Mona? " said uncle Mohamed.

- Uncle Mohamed asked Mona if she liked fish.

“ Can you repair the window, Hesham?”

- I asked Hesham if he could repair the window.

Wh- Question: 5- السؤال بكلمة استفهام:

نستخدم نفس كلمة الاستفهام كأداة ربط.

......... فعل + فاعل + كلمة الاستفهام + مفعول / لا مفعول +asked + المتحدث

EX: " How old are you, Salma?" asked Ali.

- Ali asked Salma how old she was

“ Where do you spend the weekend, Hala? “ Mona asked.

- Mona asked Hala where she spent the weekend.

Team work: (Reported speech)

1- “ Who is speaking? “ Ahmed asked.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2- “ When are you coming, Tom? “ asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3- “ Can you help me? “ Tom asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4- “ Who are you talking to? “ Salma asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5- “ Can your dad answer them? ” Tom asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6- “ Who is that? “Tom asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7- “ Phone me again. “ Tom asked Ahmed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8- He said to the teacher "I don't understand the lesson."

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9- "Please lend me your dictionary, Hoda" said Soha.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10- My brother said to me "I'm writing a letter."

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1- Finish the following dialogue:

Ali: Pleased to meet you.

Ahmed: Pleased to meet you too.

Ali: (1) ………………………………………………………….……………….?

Ahmed: I am going to the Book Fair.

Ali: (2) …………………………………………………………………………..?

Ahmed: Because I want to buy some books.

Ali: (3) …………………………………………………………………………..?

Ahmed: Of course, you can come.

2- Choose the correct answer:

1- Soha e-mailed her friend. It means Soha (lifted – received – sent – carried) her friend

an e-mail.

2- A (bank – pharmacy – club – bakery) is a place where people practice activities.

3- He looks forward to (seeing – see – saw – seen) his old friends.

4- At last they were (worried – sad – able – lazy) to solve the problem.

5- I (said – asked – told – talked) Ali the news yesterday.

6- I've got too (few – lots – much – many) money.

7- How much did your new bag (spend - cost – pay – save)? – Sixty pounds.

8- There were too (few – little – many – much) easy questions in the test, so I got high

marks.

9- The teacher punished the boys who (did – kept – made – had) noise.

10- A car cannot move without (door – engine – window – light).

3- Correct the underlined word:

1- Ali asked Adel if he wants to come the party. …..……………….

2- I'm looking forward to relax this weekend. …..……………….

3- Rehab said her father when he would come back. …..……………….

4- " Have you ever been to England, Samia? " Bell said to. …..……………….

5- He enjoyed himself a lot while the summer. …..……………….

6- How much pupils are there in your class? …..……………….

7- Cairo is a big city with many noise. …..……………….

8- There is many pollution in our country. …..……………….

9- She said to me where I had gone the day before. …..……………….

10- She asked me what was I doing. …..……………….

11- He has got a good work in a company. …..……………….

12- A car machine moves it. …..……………….

13- The train arrived at the station in time. …..……………….

14- He asked him do not use the camera. …..……………….

15- The carpenter repaired the car. …..……………….

4- Rewrite using the words in brackets:

1- "What did your father bring you on your birthday, Sally?" (Nora asked)

2- "Did you find your lost watch?" Sara said to me. (If)

3- "Please, don't make noise." said Azza. (Azza asked Mona)

4- "Repair the light but don't wash the car." (He asked the mechanic)

5- "Did you buy any bread?" asked mother. (Mother asked)

5- Choose the correct answer:

1- I'll send some letters to my (book – pen – phone – TV) friend.

2- It was raining.Ali didn't want to get (dry – wet – fit – tired).

3- She was really (interested – tired – disappointed – hungry) that Nadia couldn't come.

4- She failed the test because there were too many (easy – good – fit – difficult)

questions.

5- He (said to – told – says – asks) me that he had gone home early.

6- He asked (if – to – that – not to) he would go to the cinema.

7- Mother asked Sami (buy – bought – to buy – buying) fruit.

8- Father asked me (what – if – that – whether) I had done the day before.

9- My teacher told me (don't make – not make – not to make – had not made)

any noise.

10- He spent an hour (washing – waiting – visiting – drinking) the car

11- My office is on the third (sky – area – place – floor).

12- Hesham told the mechanic to (think – drink – eat – change) the oil

13- The engineer (worked – put – made – did) a mistake when he built the building.

14- He asked (where she went – where did she go – where she go – where she gone).

15- The teacher asked (do you do – did you do – if you had done – have you done) your homework.

16- The teacher (told – said to – says to – did say to) me to do my homework.

17- Rania and Dalia made a (voyage – journey – trip – flight) across The Atlantic.

magazine	مجلة	kitchen	مطبخ	such as	مثل
Old Cairo	القاهرة القديمة	equipment	معدات	gold	ذهب
notes	مذكرات	souvenirs	هدايا تذكارية	carpets	سجاد
near	قريب	capital	عاصمة	spices	توابل
Islamic University	الجامعة الاســـــــلامية	relax -ed	يستريح	famous	مشهور
artists	فنانين	ancient	قديم
shopping area	منطقة تسوق	crowded	مزدحم	tomb	مقبرة
historic place	مكان تاريخى	talk -ed	يتكلم	engineer	مهندس
buy - bought	يشترى	writer	كاتب	change -d	يتغير
different	مختلف	pyramids	أهرامات	direction	اتجاه
things	أشياء	realise -d	يدرك

party	حفلة	dentist	طبيب أسنان	invite -d	يدعو
accept -ed	يوافق	computer lab	معمل كمبيوتر	meeting	اجتماع
paint -ed	يرسم بالزيت	necklace	عُقد	customer	زبون
draw-drew	يرسم	secretary	سكرتير	receive -d	يستلم

Words and opposites الكلمات و عكسها

old × new	قديم × جديد	the worst ×the best	الأسوأ × الأفضل
old × young	عجوز × صغير السن	inside × outside	بالداخل × بالخارج
near × far	قريب × بعيد	large ×small	كبير × صغير
able ×unable	قادر × غير قادر	send×receive	يرسل × يستلم
buy ×sell	يشترى × يبيع	direct × indirect	مباشر × غير مباشر
next ×last	القادم × السابق	ancient × modern	قديم × حديث

- The best place to shop أفضل مكان للشراء

- make mistakes يرتكب أخطاء

- look strange يبدو غريباً

- equipment معدات (تعامل معاملة المفرد)

- write back يرد على خطاب

- PS = postscript حاشية لرسالة (فى نهاية الرسالة بعد التوقيع لاضافة معلومات)

- تستخدم بعض الأسماء كأفعال مثل:

مصدر الفعل V / اسم noun + to + مفعول + يدعو invite + الفاعل

- Maher invited me to a party.

Noun + with + مفعول + help + الفاعل

- I always help my mother with the housework

يشكر على V ing / noun + for + مفعول + Thank

- Thank you very much for your invitation.

Noun + مفعول + wish + الفاعل

- I wish you good luck.

مصدر الفعل V + to + wish + الفاعل

- I wish to leave now.

مصدر الفعل V + I wish I could

- I wish I could buy a new car.

مصدر الفعل V + Must = مصدر الفعل V + have to

- I have to \ must go to the dentist because I've got a bad tooth.

Get to (a place) = arrive at (a place) = reach (a place) يصل الى مكان

- He reached the station early.

يصل الى البيت - get home

- arrive in (city – country).

- arrive at (the school – the station.n)

- تستخدم بعض الأسماء كأفعال مثل:

رسالة البريد الأليكترونى / يرسل بالبريد e-mail الحب / يحب love

مساعده / يساعد help أمنيه / يتمنى wish

- تستخدم بعض الأسماء كصفات مثل:

ذهب / مصنوع من الذهب gold جميل / معرضfair

- تستخدم بعض الصفات كظروف مثل:

سريع / بسرعه fast مبكر / مبكراً early متأخر / متأخراًlate

Hesham: If you want to buy something in Egypt, then Khan el-Khalili is the best place to go. It is in Old Cairo, near the famous Islamic University of Al Azhar. Khan el-Khalili was built in 1382 and it has been Cairo’s most important shopping area for six hundred years. It is a historic place where you can buy different things such as gold, chairs, tables, carpets, glass, spices, kitchen equipment and tourist souvenirs. In this crowded place there is a famous café where you can sit and relax. Sometimes you may meet Egyptian artists and writers who come to talk and drink tea, coffee or fruit juice.

Invitation دعوة

- Do you want to come to (a party next Friday)

- Can you come to ….?

- I'd like to invite you to …..

- Would you like to come to ….?

Accepting قبول

- I'd love to come.

- I'd be pleased to come

Refusing politely رفض بطريقة مهذبة

- I'm very sorry. I can't come.

- I wish I could but (I have to + سبب)

نموذج لخطاب الدعوة

Team work:

1-Write a paragraph of five sentences on “ Places of interest in Egypt “

Use the following key words:

Tourists – visiting – Egypt – weather – fine / Pyramids – Egyptian Museum – Citadel / go – Khan el-Khalili – souvenirs / Luxor, Aswan – temples / Red Sea – diving – swimming.

2- Write a letter to your friend Mohamed inviting him to spend a nice time on your father’s farm. Ask him if he likes the country. Tell him how he will enjoy it.

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