Exercise 2. Underline the modal verbs expressing obligation. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I have to admit that business-type thoughts do sneak into my head: I’ve got salaries to pay. Back then I used to compute how much software we had to sell each day — the little additions and subtractions that one has to do. 2. When things get complicated, the first rule is that you must know exactly what you are doing. 3. Prejudice is a part of business. You have to deal with it and can’t dwell on it, or it overwhelms you. 4. Inquiries and confirmations concerning travel arrangements and meetings must be very exact. 5. One of the basic principles of entrepreneurship is to avoid the well-trodden path by creating your own one. 6. A company must identify what it is about the brand that makes it special - what is its core value? 7. Information technology is an area where there is a distinct lack of talented people. The employers have to pay a premium. 8. In the Middle East you must learn to wait and not to be too eager to talk business. 9. In some cultures, saying "No” is to be avoided at all costs — to say "No” is rude, offensive, and disrupts harmony. 10. Notice in a shop window: Closing down sale! Everything must go!

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using must (not), to have to, do not have to or to be to.

1.If you……….to fill out the application form in the office, notice how much space you have for each answer. 2. In business letter writing the correspondent…………make his meaning clear. 3. If there is no company car at the airport we’ll………………… take a taxi. 4. It……………be remembered that the subject of the routine business letter lacks variety. 5. The company bought me a handy and I…………………wait in telephone boxes. 6. We…………………discuss all the details at our next week meeting. 7. I…………………inform the shareholders about the a.g.m. 8. Railway notice: Passengers…………………walk on the line. 9. Now Rebo Ltd……………..lay out money for a newer, even costlier generation of equipment. 10. Application form………………include the names of two references. 11. …………..You …………..do all this work yourself? 12. The brand building……………………..be undertaken across our complete product range.

Exercise 4. State the meaning of the modal verbs in the sentences: the speaker’s obligation or duty, correct or sensible actions, recommendations, formal notices or instructions, unfulfilled obligation.

1. The recession should have ended last summer, but it has carried on. 2. I should point out that Tesco’s own-label South African coffee is really tasty. 3. A sufficient level of profits to keep share holders quiet, and take-over bidders at bay, should be a consideration. 4. A letter of recommendation should be signed by a reference. 5. In Japan, one should avoid saying "no” because of the possible damage to a relationship. 6. Rule for employees: You should greet all clients with a smile. 7. Before any new product is put on to the shop shelves it should get through several stages. 8. For any profession, when you go in for an interview you should dress conservatively. 9. 'They should have meet us halfway to provide with accurate information,” said Mr Grant. 10. Mr Johnson, you should wear a uniform while serving the clients.

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