The Constitution of Ukraine

On June 28, 1996 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopt­ed the Constitution, the Fundamental Law of the state.

` The Constitution guarantees political rights of the citi­zens. Besides, it asserts Ukraine as an independent and dem­ocratic state.

According to the Constitution the Ukrainian people have the right to work, to education, to rest, social security, hous­ing, health protection, medical care and medical insurance, etc.

Besides, the Constitution guarantees the rights of the people to property, ownership, language, religion. There are no privileges or restrictions based upon colour of skin, po­litical or other beliefs.

Chapter II of the Constitution of Ukraine assures human and civil rights and freedoms. Citizens have equal rights and freedoms before the law. Citizens of Ukraine have also equal rights to protect their rights and freedoms. They have the right to participate in state affairs, in local referendums. Besides, they may be elected to any bodies of state power and local self-government.

Every citizen have the right to any property and to use the results of the intellectual and creative work. Every per­son has to pay taxes. The citizens of Ukraine shouldn't dam­age the environment and contaminate the air, the soil, the plants, etc.

Every citizen should respect the state symbols and terri­torial integrity of the country.

The state language is Ukrainian. The state symbols of Ukraine are the State Flag, the State Emblem and the State Anthem of Ukraine. The State Flag is a blue and yellow banner. The main element of the Great State Emblem of Ukraine is the Sign of the State of Prince Volodymyr the Great. The State Anthem of Ukraine is the national anthem with the music of M. Verbytsky.

Defence of the Motherland, of independence and territory is the sacred duty of every citizen of Ukraine.

The Constitution of Ukraine consists of 15 chapters, 161 articles. The Day of the Constitution of Ukraine is a state holiday.

Notes

to guarantee – гарантувати

security – безпека

restriction – обмеження

chapter – розділ

to assure – забезпечувати, гарантувати

to contaminate – забруднювати

integrity – цілісність

anthem – гімн

sacred – священний

Assignments

I. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian.

II. Render the text in English.

III. Write a description of some chapters from the Constitu­tion of Ukraine.

IV. Describe changes you would make if you became Presi­dent of the country one day.

KYIV

Kyiv is one of the oldest European cities, a port on the Dnipro River. The largest city of Ukraine Kyiv is a leading industrial and commercial centre. Food processing (notably the processing of beet sugar), metallurgy, the manufacture of machinery, machine tools, chemicals, building materials and textiles are the major industries in Kyiv.

Kyiv is the centre of political, economic, scientific and cultural life of the country. Over three million people live in the Ukrainian capital, mostly people working at its many industrial enterprises. The city also has 150,000 students of universities and numerous institutes. Kyiv equals Paris in area, and almost two-thirds of it are parks, gardens and boulevards. It is one of the best cities in Europe.

Kyiv is one of the largest centres of scientific thought in Ukraine. It has some 150 academic and research institu­tions.

Among the city's educational and cultural institutions are the National Taras Shevchenko University, the Ukrain­ian Academy of Sciences, Polytechnical University, Techno­logical University of Food Industry, Technological Univer­sity of Light Industry, Trade and Economics University, Ukrainian Agricultural Academy, etc.

Kyiv is also a major industrial centre with firms engag­ing in electronics, instrument construction, aviation, en­gineering and metal-working, light and food industries, chemical and petrochemical industries, etc.

During World War II German fascists massacred thou­sands of its inhabitants, including 200,000 jews. But Kyiv has survived.

In the late 1980s the national-democratic rebirth of Ukraine intensified in Kyiv and several civic-political and cultural organizations, including the Rukh Movement of Ukraine, were established.

Notes

commercial – торговельний, комерційний

manufacture – виробництво

boulevard – бульвар, проспект (амер.)

research – (наукове) дослідження

institution – установа, заклад

to massacre – зчиняти різанину

jew – єврей

to intensify – посилювати(ся)

Assignments

I. Render the text in English.

II Write about your native city/ town.

III. Compare the way of life in the country and in town.

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