The predicate (simple, compound nominal, expressed by a phraseological unit).

The P is the second principal part of the sentence which expresses an action, state, or quality of the person or thing denoted by the S. Grammatically dependent upon the S. The simple P is expressed by a finite verb in a simple or a compound tense form. Generally denotes an action. The compound P consists of 2 parts: a finite verb and some other part of speech. The second component is the significant part.

The compound nominal P denotes the state or quality of the person or thing expressed by the subject (He is tired), or the class of persons or things to which this person or thing belongs (She is a doctor). The CNP consists of a link verb and a predicative (the nominal part of the predicate). The link verb (a verb of incomplete predication) expresses the verbal categories of person, number, tense, aspect, mood, sometimes voice. Most link verbs have partly lost their original concrete meaning (especially "to be") except the following: "to appear, to get, to grow, to continue, to feel, to keep, to look, to turn, to hold, to prove, to loom, to rank, to remain, to run, to seem, to smell, to taste, to fall, to stand, to go, to work". All the LV are divided into: 1) LV of being and remaining ("to be, to look, to seem, etc."); 2) LV of becoming ("to become, to get, to run, etc."). The predicative can be expressed by: 1) A noun in the common (sometimes possessive) case (She was a pretty child); 2) An adjective (He's very nice); 3) A pronoun (personal, possessive, negative, interrogative, reflexive, indefinite, defining) (It's me); 4) A word of the category of state (He's afraid); 5) A numeral (cardinal & ordinal) (I'm only 22); 6) A prepositional phrase (The rule was beyond my understanding); 7) An infinitive, infinitive phrase or construction (My first thought was to embrace her); 8) A gerund, gerundial phrase or construction (I like playing chess); 9) Participle 2 or, seldom, adjectivized Participle 1 (He was surprised); 10) An adverb (It was absolutely enough). The Objective Predicative expresses the state or quality of the person or thing denoted by the object and is generally expressed by a noun, an adjective, a word denoting state, or a prepositional phrase (He painted the wall white). It doesn't form part of the P, so the P is simple.

A phraseological P is a P expressed by a phraseological unit. They can be: 1) A momentaneous action expressed by a finite verb which has a great extent lost its concrete meaning and a noun formed from a verb and mostly used with a definite article (to give a push, to have a smoke); 2) Combinations the second component of which in most cases is an abstract noun used without any article (to get rid, to take care).

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