Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.

1. Raising children has always been a controversial subject. Parents and counselors have different attitudes towards the best way to raise children. While some of them argue for being permissive in upbringing children, others go to the extreme and defend strict discipline.

2. Some think that it is good for children to run wild, without control or supervision. They say that this enables children’s personalities to develop naturally and that they will learn to be responsible by the mistakes they make. However, this might lead to a lot of trouble, with the children ending up in the courts, or it might simply create self-centered children, who give no consideration for others.

3. Others believe that parents should be strict because children have to learn discipline, politeness, and moral values since their early years. But this might lead children to struggle against parents, school, and other symbols of authority. Also, overcaring parents might simply make their children so shy and dependent that they grow up unable to express their feelings and emotions openly.

4. It is obvious that either point of view may cause harm in one way or another. Being too strict would be as bad as ignoring children’s mistakes. In fact, a delicate balance between the two attitudes will work much better.

5. Parents should realize that discipline and firm guidance are necessary, but these can be more effective when accompanied with friendliness and understanding. Laughing with children and sharing them their games not only facilitate parents’ task of counseling, but also give them a good chance to know their needs and concerns, no matter how silly these concerns might seem.

6. Moreover, when parents restrict their role to the act of preaching and faultfinding, children will hate criticism and refuse to obey or become hesitant and afraid of trying. Criticism can better achieve its goals if it is balanced with encouragement and praise when children do well. In this sense, praise will stimulate children to improve themselves while criticism will not then affect them negatively.

7. Besides, children cannot grow up relaxed and well adjusted unless parents respect their privacy. This will give them self confidence and a sense of personal worth, along with a deep respect towards other’s belongings. So, looking through children’s drawers or reading their letters and diaries will widen the gap between parents and children. Parents must strengthen communication and discussion instead.

8. In short, raising children is an increasingly difficult task in a world where people have a lot of freedom and information with the mass-media, computer, and internet. Bringing up children to be normal balanced human beings requires a lot of wisdom, patience, and perhaps a bit of luck.

A. Answer the following questions in complete answers of your own.

1. The writer believes that strict discipline makes children defy (challenge) authority (power). Do you agree? Justify your answer in no more than four lines.

2. Pick from the selection the piece of evidence that best justifies that parents should be neither too strict nor too lenient.

3. Is it important to respect children’s privacy? Why?

4. In the light of what is mentioned in paragraph 7, what advice would you give to teenagers to help them close the gap with their parents?

B. Fill in the following table with the missing cause or effect.

Causes	Effects
	1. so children are unable to express their feelings.
2. Parents always pick on their children’s mistakes.

C. The following statements are false because they misinterpret information presented in the selection. Rewrite each one correcting the error.

1. Discipline and firm guidance are more effective if they are not mixed with friendliness and understanding.

2. The writer believes that running wildly (crazily) without control and supervision develops children’s personalities.

D. Pick from the reading selection words that almost have the following meanings.

1. open to questioning (paragraph 1)

2. giving advice (paragraph 5)

3. arouse interest and excitement (paragraph 6)

4. systems of communication, information and entertainment (paragraph 8)

E. What does each of the underlined pronouns in the text refer to?

1. them (paragraph 1)

2. This (paragraph 7)

F. Each of the following sentences contains a grammatical error. Correct it.

1. In order to grow well, Jack, like other teenagers, require understanding and loving parents.

2. Ahmad realized that he was wrong only after he broke his parent’s rules.

G. Rewrite the following sentences beginning as indicated without changing the meaning.

1. Mike’s mother never stops loving him.

The Real Signs They're in Love!

How do you know if they love you so? It’s not in their kiss, says Match.com’s relationship expert Kate Taylor

1. Eyes
First of all, look deeply into their eyes. Notice if their pupils are dilated because if they are, they’re very attracted to you. Sexual desire – like fear – stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, one of the effects of which is wide, opened pupils. It can also relax the muscles around the eyes, giving them a softer “doe-eyed” appearance. Aww.
Then hold your partner’s gaze for four seconds or more – body-language research has shown that a long “eye meet” is only tolerated when a person feels affectionate towards a partner, otherwise it is perceived as an aggression action.

2. Hips
When people are with someone they are fiercely attracted to, they unconsciously shift position so their hips are facing towards them. A US study conducted by David Givens and Timothy Perper revealed that lovers practice “total body synchrony”. Eh? In short, “they pivot or swivel until their shoulders become aligned, their bodies face-to-face…” Hmm, maybe this explains why dancing partners keep falling for each other on Strictly. But it’s more than just facing your lover -- couples in love often mirror each other’s actions, or move in tandem; specifically, they follow each other without question, or do not verbally acknowledge gestures between each other (for example, they could take a sip of your drink without asking, or you’d sit next to them without asking permission).

3. Hair
Does it look great? Great! Being in love stimulates people to improve their appearance so a new haircut can be a sign of attraction. Does it look messy? Better! Repeated grooming gestures are another body-language giveaway of attraction. Women will twirl, stroke and play with their hair in the presence of their dream man, as a subconscious, “Please God let me look OK,” message. Men, in contrast, will often raise a hand to flatten their hair around women they adore: not only is it grooming, but it also gives the impression of increased height.

4. Energy
“I could have danced all night,” isn’t an exaggeration – people in love DO have more energy than the uninfatuated. Anthropologist Dr Helen Fisher ran brain scans on people who confessed to being “madly in love” and found activity in the limbic system of the brain due to a molecule called phenylethylamine (PEA) which is released when we form an intense emotional bond. This action caused “feelings of elation, exhilaration, and euphoria,” says Fisher. This might explain why people in love never sleep either, preferring to spend all night Googling their beloved.

5. Trust
When we enter the “attachment” stage of love – the slightly calmer state we reach after the initial lust and infatuation have receded – increased levels of a hormone called Oxytocin cause us to trust our partner. Oxytocin (also known as the bonding hormone) is released during sexual contact and is responsible for boosting feelings of affection and togetherness, and its effect on trust let us do things like spend the night together and make love. Does your partner take your word for things; let you borrow their car and not triple-check where you go at night? Then they’re in deep, baby. Enjoy!

TOP 10 RELATIONSHIP TIPS FOR NEWLYWEDS

realbuzzThu, Mar 10, 2011 21:48 GMT+00:00

Many people enter marriage with the idea that life will be like a fairytale from here on in; that everything will run smoothly and you will both live happily ever after.

Unfortunately, married life is rarely that perfect. Although there will be many moments when both of you are blissfully happy, there will also inevitably be conflict and complications, so it is imperative that you learn how to deal with them effectively. Here are our top ten tips for newlyweds.

Learn how to deal with conflict
The most important tip for dealing with marital disputes is to learn – and cherish – the value of communication. Rather than bottling up your grievances and allowing them to grow, talk through how you are feeling and settle small issues as they arise. However, although it is good to air your problems, it is also wise not to be petty. Although you may love a place for everything and everything in its place, try to remember that you love your partner more. Accept that married life is about compromise and don’t let the small things eat away at you. Most importantly, learn how to accept (and make) an apology.

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