Packing and despatch.

The real art of packing is to get the contents into a nice, compact shape that will stay that way during the roughest journey, and wrap the lot with a good strong cover of some kind. Somewhere between the thin brown paper parcel that tears open at the first touch and the heavy box that gets there all right but costs more in postage than the contents are worth, lies the happy medium that makes the whole thing practical. Only really 'healthy' parcel reaches its destination.

This is the problem that faces the despatch depart­ment of every firm, especially the export firm. The buyer has a right to expect that his goods will reach him in perfect condition, and the seller has to pack them in such a way that they will do so. Nothing is more infuriat­ing to a buyer than to find his goods damaged, or part missing on arrival: and nothing is more likely to lose a customer. In the export trade serious delays may result, causing the customer great loss. Because of these dangers large export firms have established a special department for export packing, and the whole question is under regular review. New packing materials are being developed which are light and strong, and new methods being found to ensure the safe transport of heavier goods. Many export firms employ a specialist export packer or forwarding agent to do their packing for them.

The general plan in all packing is to make the goods secure for the kind of journey they have to make, but to keep the package as small and light as possible. Transport costs on land usually depend on the weight, but on the sea the size of the package is also important.

A. PACKING CONTAINERS

Bag. Generally made of paper, linen, canvas, rubber, or plastic, ( 'пакет ).

Sack. A larger, stronger version of a bag, usually made of Jute. ( 'мешок )'

Carton. Made of light but strong cardboard, or fibreboard, it has double lids and bottomswhich are fixed together. Sometimes several cartons are made up into a single package, held by metal bands. (‘картонная коробка')

Box. Stronger than a carton, made of wood, cardboard or metal, sometimes with а folding (hinged) lid. ('ящик из дёрева или металла').

Case A strong container made of wood. For, extra strength, cases may have battens fixed to their tops, bottoms and sides, When thin wood is used, metal bands or wires will be passed around the case. Cases are often lined with various materials to prevent damage by water, air, insects, etc. ('прочный ящик, иногда скрепленный рейками').

Crate. This is like a case, but is not fully enclosed. It has a bottom and a frame, and is sometimes open at the top. Crates are often built for the particular thing they have to carry. Machinery packed in crates needs a special bottom, called a skid, to facilitate handling. ('решетчатая тара')

Container A very large, robust, metal construction, varying in length from about ten to about forty feet. It is normally sealed at the con­signor's factory and transported un­opened until it reaches its destination. Containers are carried by rail, road and by ship. They may be watertight and airtight, and goods sent in them cannot be lost or stolen. Containers are a recent develop­ment, and they can make transportation very economical. ('контейнер').

Drum. A cylindrical container for liquids and powders, usually made of metal or plastic, but sometimes wood or strong cardboard. ('цилиндрический контейнер').

Barrel. A wooden drum. Hoops are used to strengthen barrels. There are various sizes of barrels, and some are known as casks, hogsheads and kegs. ('деревянная боч­ка, бочонок').

Bale. A package of soft goods (usually textiles) ('кипа, тюк") wrapped in protective material.

Tin. (u.s.a. can) A small metal container which paint, oil and a variety of foodstuffs are packed in. ('консервная банка').

Carboy. A glass container, used for chemicals, protected in a padded metal or wicker cage. ('баллон, бутыль').

Bundle. Miscellaneous goods packed without а container, ('связка, пачка, жгут').

B. SPECIMEN SENTENCES: INSTRUCTION AND INFORMATION ON PACKING, ETC.

[1] Supplier's information to customer

1. Fibreboard boxes are used to reduce freight. These boxes are not returnable.

2. We supply sulphate crystals in 50 kg. and 100 kg. sacks of impregnated jute, so that contamination during transport is unlikely.

3. All bags have an inner waterproof lining.

4. We supply these machines in specially designed crates. If not returned to us within 3 weeks, the crates are charged to you at £5 each.

5. To save freight we suggest packing in a crate with reinforced base, and overall waterproof wrapping. A solid case as proposed by you would be uneconomical.

6. Partial boarding of the crate will save freight and give ample protection to the contents.

7. The most economical size for you would be our 50 litre carboy. Carboys may be retained by you without charge for 2 months.

8. When the various items of your order are complete in our warehouse we will pack them into bundles of suitable size for shipment.

[2] Customer's instructions to supplier

9. We do not object to packing in cartons, provided the flaps are glued down and the cartons secured by metal bands.

10. Please wrap each item separately in grease-paper.

11. Crates must not exceed an overall length of 3 metres.

12. The bottom and back of the crate must be strongly boarded.

13. Cases must have an inner lining of stout, damp-resisting paper.

14. Please cut vent-holes in the cases to minimise condensation.

15. Overall measurements of each case must not exceed 1⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪⨪

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20. As the goods will probably be subjected to a thorough customs examination, the cases should be of a type which can easily be made fast again after opening.

21. Tanks must be completely drained of fuel before the vehicles are crated, and all oil removed from sumps.

22. Rope or metal handles should be fixed to the boxes to facilitate carrying. No grip-holes must be left in the boxes.

[4] Despatch

23. We are pleased to advise you that your order no. 32 has been despatched, packed in 12 100 kg. cases, in accordance with your instructions.

24. As requested, we have included a packing note with your goods, and have pleasure in enclosing a further copy of the note.

25. We have pleasure in informing you that your order is now ready for despatch, and we await your instructions.

26. We enclose our pro-forma invoice, on settlement of which your order will be despatched without delay.

27. The enclosed invoice shows a charge of £3 each for carboys. The amount involved will be credited to you on receipt of the returned empties.

28. Please return empties, cartage forward, to our depot.

29. Cartons are not charged and are not returnable.

MARKING

There are 3 principal types of marking which may have to be done on export packages:

1. The consignees’ own distinctive marks.

2. Any official mark required by authorities

3. Special directions or warnings.

In addition, weights and dimensions may be required.

Good clear marking is essential if the goods are not to go astray, and for this reason marks are usually made by paint or dyes through a metal stencil. Wooden cases are sometimes marked by burned impressions in the wood itself.

Under 1 we have the dippers' or importers' own marks, which are registered and so serve as identification. These marks are as important to the many people engaged in shipping as the address on an envelope is to the postman. They include the name of the port of destination.

Under 2 we have special marks demanded by the country of export or import. Some countries require the name of the country of origin of the goods to be marked on every package, and weights and dimensions may also be required.

Under 3 we have some special instructions regarding manner of hand­ling, loading, lifting, etc., aid various warnings both for the owner's and the carrier's benefit.

Specimens of marks

К R LTV X X

Durban Brisbane 3

Singapore

FOREIGN PRODUCE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Net weight 100 kg. Dimensions

Gross weight 125 kg. 1m. x I-5m. x 2.25m.

Tare 25kg.

THIS SIDE UP Верх здесь.

FRAGILE Осторожно! (Хрупкий груз!)

STOW AWAY FROM HEAT Xpаниmь вдали от нахревательных приборов.

USE NO HOOKS He пользоваться крюками.

TO BE КEPТ COOL Хранить в прохладном ме­сте.

DO NOT DROP He бросать!.

GLASS -WITH CARE Осторожно, стекло!

PERISHABLE Скоропортящийся продукт.

TOP Верх.

KEEP DRY Беречь от влаги (боится сырости.)

ACID-WITH CARE Осторожно, кислота!

OPEN THIS END Открывать здесь

DO NOT STOW ON DECK He складиро­вать на палубе.

INFLAMMABLE Огнеопасно.

LIFT HERE Подннмать здесь.

HANDLE WITH САRE Осторожно!

In the past it very often happened that even clearly marked containers were roughly handled or wrongly stored—simply because the stevedores loading or unloading them could not understand the directions and warnings! For this reason the practice has developed of stencilling sym­bols representing warnings and directions: these can be understood by speakers of any language.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16