Centring diphthongs

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is the front-retracted, close (broad variant), unrounded vowel [ ]. The nucleus is the vowel [ ]. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral vowel [ ]. The lips are slightly spread for the nucleus and are neutral for the glide.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. beer – beard – theatre.

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is the front, open (narrow variant), unrounded. The nucleus is a vowel between [e] and [æ]. The tongue is in the half-open front position. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral vowel [ ]. The lips are neutral.

The nucleus of this diphthong is much longer in final position. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. airy – various - hair.

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is back-advanced, close (broad variant), slightly rounded. The nucleus is the vowel [ ]. For the glide the tongue moves towards the neutral vowel [ ], the mouth gets more open. The lips are slightly rounded and get neutral as the mouth opens for [ ].

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. during - tour.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS:

1. Is the diphthong longer in laid or in late?

2. Give examples to illustrate that [aı] is not equally long in diifferent phonetic contexts.

3. Give examples where [ ] is the longest.

4. If the diphthong [ ] is too long and too close in the word voice the mistake is called phonetic. Can you explain why?

5. What articulation features of the vowel sounds differentiate the meaning of the words: bet – bought – boat; got – goat.

6. What advice would you give your fellow-student who makes the glide of the diphthong [ ] too strong and close in the words about, shout?

7. What articulatory features of the vowel sounds differentiate the meaning of the words pierce – peace?

8. How would you help your fellow-student if he says beer instead of bear? Is this mistake phonetic or phonological?

9. What articulatory features of the vowel sounds differentiate the meaning of the words here and hair?

10. Is the diphthong [ ] longer in pear or in pears?

11. What articulatory features of the vowel sounds differentiate the meaning of the words shoe – sure?

12. Give examples to illustrate that the diphthongs [ ], are not equally long in different phonetic contexts.

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