Closing diphthongs

CLASS 5. DIPHTHONGS. CLOSING DIPHTHONGS [ ], [ ], [ ]. CENTRING DIPHTHONGS [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ].

Diphthongs are vowels that change their quality within the same single syllable (=gliding vowels).

From the point of view of length, the diphthongs are like long vowels; but the first part of a diphthong in English (the nucleus) is much longer and louder than the second (the glide). When we listen to the diphthong in [hau] how, for example, most of the sound is taken up with the [a] part, the glide to [u] being quite short and rapid. The eight diphthongs are usually grouped into three types, depending on the tongue movement involved.

The first group ends with a glide towards the [ ] vowel in the centre of the mouth, and are called centring diphthongs. They are [ ], [ ], [ ].

The remainder end with a glide towards a higher position in the mouth, and are called closing diphthongs.

One type of closing diphthong moves in the direction of an [ı] quality at the front of the vowel area: [ ], [ ], [ ].

The other type of closing diphthong moves in the direction of an [u] quality at the back of the vowel area (and thus adds some lip rounding): [ ], [ ], [ ].

Diphthongs centring closing ending in [ ] ending in [ ] ending in [ ] Triphthongs +[ ] + [ ]

Closing diphthongs

[eı] the nucleus of the diphthong is front, mid (narrow variant), unrounded. The nucleus is the vowel [e]. For the glide the tongue moves upward in the direction of [ı] and the mouth gets closer. The lips are spread.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. lay – laid - late.

[aı] the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open (broad variant), unrounded. The sound starts from the advanced vowel [ ] with the mouth wide open and the lips neutral. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ ], with the mouth very narrowly open and the lips spread and not rounded.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. tie – tied - tight.

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is back, open (narrow variant), slightly rounded. The nucleus lies between the sounds [ ] and [ ]. It starts with the position between back half-open and open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ ] though the tongue rarely reaches there. The lips are slightly rounded for the nucleus changing to neutral for the glide.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. boy – boys - voice.

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is central, mid (narrow variant), unrounded. The starting point of the tongue position is similar to that of [ ]; it starts with a central position, between half-close and half-open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ ] there being a slight closing movement of the lower jaw. The lips are neutral for the nucleus and get slightly rounded for the glide.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. go – goal - goat.

[ ] the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open (broad variant), unrounded. The starting point of the diphthong is is between the back and front open positions. The sound starts with the position slightly more retracted than for the nucleus of the diphthong [aı] and more advanced than for the vowel [ ]. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ ], the mouth gets closer. The lips are neutral for the nucleus and get slightly rounded for the glide.

The nucleus of this diphthong is longer in the open syllable. It is shorter in the closed syllable with a weak voiced consonant at the end and it is much shorter in the closed syllable with a strong voiceless consonant at the end cf. allow – owl - out.

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