Reported speech

Зміст прямої мови передається за допомогою підрядного додаткового речення із сполучником that або без нього чи інфінітивного обороту.
Mary says, “I don`t know his address.” –
Mary says that she doesn`t know his address.

Changing from Direct into Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

“I work hard”, he said. “I am working hard”, he said. “I have worked hard”, he said. “I worked hard”, he said. “I will work hard”, he said. “I have been working hard”, he said. “I am going to work hard”, he said. “I can work harder”, he said. “I may work harder”, he said. “I must work harder”, he said. “I should work harder”, he said. “I ought to work harder”, he said. “You had better help me”, he said. “ You need not do it now”, he said. “Do you work hard enough?” she said to him. “Work harder!” she said to him.

He said (that) he worked hard. He said (that) he was working hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he would work hard. He said (that) he had been working hard He said (that) he was going to work hard. He said (that) he could work harder. He said (that) he might work harder. He said (that) he had to/must work harder. He said (that) he should work harder. He said (that) he ought to work harder. He said (that) I had better help me. He said (that) I did not need to do it then. He asked him if he worked hard enough.   He told him to work harder.

a) Як і в укрaїнській мові, особові та присвійні займенники при зміні прямої мови непрямою змінюються або залишаються залежно від змісту:
She says, “ I `ll work in my village”.
She says that she will work in her village.

b) Якщо в словах автора дієслово-присудок виражає минулу дію, то при перетворенні прямої мови на непряму час дієслова змінюється відповідно до правил узгодження часів:

c) При перетворенні в непряму мову наказових речень наказовий спосіб дієслова прямої мови замінюється інфінітивом. У заперечній формі перед інфінітивом ставиться частка not.
The teacher says, “Mary, read this text”. –
The teacher askes Mary to read this text.
Mother says, “Don`t drink coffee in the evening”. -
Mother tells to me not to drink coffee in the evening.

d) При перетворенніпрямої мови в непряму деякі змінюються наступним чином:
пряма мова непряма мова
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later
now that moment
this evening that evening
last week the previous week
last year the previous year
next week the following week
next year the following year today that day
……ago ……..before
here there
this that

these those

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14