Методические рекомендации и материалы к темам

Для выполнения контрольных работ и подготовки к сдаче зачета по курсу английского языка студентам необходимо повторить следующие разделы: Plural of Nouns, Possessive Case, Noun’s Group, Degrees of Comparison, Numerals, Pronouns, Indefinite Tense Forms in the Active and Passive Voice, There + to Be, Modal Verbs, Participles I,II, Continuous and Perfect Tense Forms.

1. Plural of Nouns:

a) –s [s] – students, ports, weeks;

b) –es [iz] – boxes, inches, gases, dresses, faces, washes, waltzes;

c) –s [z] – pens, tables, potatoes, cities, wives;

d) Special cases: man – men, woman – women, child – children, tooth – teeth, foot – feet, knife – knives, basis – base, datum – data, advice – advice, news – news, mouse – mice, country – countries.

2. Possessive Case:

a) –‘s – student’s book, child’s hand, Kate’s room, today’s news, children’s bags, women’s clothes;

b) –‘ – students’ book, friends’ dogs, Dickens’ novel.

3. Noun’s Group:

Употребляется одно или несколько существительных, образующих цепочку слов, где последнее является главным, а все предшествующие – определением к нему. Перевод: прилагательным (limit pressure - предельное давление) или существительным (atomic energy conference - конференция по проблемам атомной энергии).

4. Degrees of Comparison:

Positive Comparative Superlative

Short shorter the shortest

Big bigger the biggest

Nice nicer the nicest

Easy easier the easiest

Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

Famous more famous the most famous

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Many, much more the most

Little less the least

Remember: as…as (так же…как), not so…as (не такой…как), less than (меньше чем), more than (больше чем), the…the (чем…тем), the more…the less (чем больше…, тем меньше).

5. Numerals:

1 – 12: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.

13 – 19: thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, etc

20 -90: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.

300 – three hundred, 572 – five hundred and seventy-two.

Thousand, million, billion.

1^st – the first, 2^nd – the second, 3^rd – the third, 5^th – the fifth, 20^th – the twentieth.

In 1800 – in eighteen hundred, in 1953 – in nineteen fifty-three, 21^st, March, 1964 – the twenty-first of March, nineteen sixty-four.

½ - one half, 2/3 – two thirds, 2.5 – two point five, 32.407 – thirty-two point four nought seven.

6. Pronouns:

Личные, притяжательные, возвратные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные, вопросительные; их виды; разряды личных и притяжательных, их отличия.

1. to Be (быть):

Present Past Future

Am (I), is (he, she, it) was (I, he, she, it) shall be (I, we)

Are (we, you, they) were (we, you, they) will be (he, she, you,

it, they)

2. to Have (иметь):

Present Past Future

Have (I, we, you, they) had (I, we, you, they, shall have (I, we)

Has (he, she, it) he, she, it) will have (he, she, it,

you, they)

3. There + to Be (существует, находится, располагается, есть):

Present Past Future

There is (3 л. ед. ч.) there was there will be

There are (мн. ч.) there were

4. Indefinite Tense Forms:

Active voice

Tense Positive Interrogative Negative

Present Ind. I (we, you, they) Do I (we, you, they) I (we, you, they)

play play? don’t play

He (she, it) plays Does he (she, it) play? He (she, it) doesn’t

play

Past Ind. I (we, you, they, Did I (we, you, he, she, I (we, you, he, she,

he, she, it) played it, they) play? it, they) didn’t play

Future Ind. I (we) shall play Shall I (we) play? I (we) shan’t play

He (she, it, you, Will you (he, she, it, You (he, she, it,

they) will play they) play? they) won’t play

5. Continuous Tense Forms:

Active Voice

Tense Positive Interrogative Negative

Present Cont. I am doing Am I doing? I’m not doing

He (she, it) is Is he (she, it) doing? He (she, it) isn’t

doing doing

We (you, they) Are we (you, they) We (you, they)

are doing doing? aren’t doing

Past Cont. I (he, she, it) Was I (he, she, it) I (he, she, it)

was doing doing? wasn’t doing

We (you, they) Were we (you, they) We (you, they)

were doing doing? weren’t doing

Future Cont. I (we) shall be Shall I (we) be doing? I (we) shan’t be

doing doing

You (he, she, it, Will you (he, she, it, You (he, she, it,

they) will be they) be doing? they) won’t be

doing doing

6. Perfect Tense Forms:

Active Voice

Tense Positive Interrogative Negative

Present Perf. I (we, you, they) Have I (we, you, they) I (we, you, they)

have done done? Haven’t done

He (she, it) has Has he (she, it) done? He (she, it) hasn’t

done done

Past Perf. I (we, you, he, Had I (we, you, he, she, I (we, you, he, she,

she, it, they) had it, they) done? it, they) hadn’t

done done

7. Passive Voice:

Tense Indefinite Continuous Perfect

Present am, is, are + PII am, is, are + being + PII have, has + been + PII

Past was, were + PII was, were + being + PII had + been + PII

Future shall, will + be + PII ---------- shall, will + have + been + PII

8. Modal Verbs:

Present Past Future

Can (мочь) could shall (will) be able to

Must (должен) ------- -------

May (мочь) might shall (will) be allowed to

Should (следует) ------- -------

Am, is, are to + Inf. Was, were to + Inf. Shall (will) be to + Inf.

(должен, обязан)

Have, has to + Inf. Had to + Inf. Shall (will) have to + Inf.

(должен, придется)

9. Participles I,II:

Participle I. Infinitive + -ing (writing, reading, travelling, studying).

Participle II. Infinitive + -ed – прав. гл. (studied, translated);

3-я форма глагола - неправ. гл. (written, done, eaten, stolen).

Translation

Participle I Participle II

Определение

Действительное причастие Страдательное причастие

Обстоятельство

Деепричастие, придаточное Придаточное предложение

предложение (с союзами when, (с союзами when, if, unless)

while)

Часть глагола-сказуемого

Глагол несовершенного вида Глагол совершенного вида

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