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Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
England is the heart of Britain. It is the richest, the most fertile and the most populated. There are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and mountains all around. It is called Lake District. London is the capital of England. Its national symbol is a red rose.
Wales is the smallest land of the United Kingdom. The capital of Wales in Cardiff, an important industrial centre and port. The national symbol is a leek or a daffodil.
Scotland is a land of mountains, narrow valleys and plains, famous lakes and small islands. The Highlands of Scotland are the oldest mountains in the world. The Lakes in Scotland are called “lochs”. The national symbol of Scotland is a thistle and its capital in Edinburgh.
Northern Ireland is a land of lakes, rivers and a varied sea coast. Belfast is the capital. A shamrock is the national symbol of Ireland.
The climate of Great Britain is mild. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the weather of the British Isles. The summers are cool and rainy; the winters are not very cold.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Coal, iron, steel and various machines are produced there. There are many big industrial cities in Britain, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester and Liverpool.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The Queen is the Head of State. But she doesn't rule the country. The British Parliament has the real power. It consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
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