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1. The United Kingdom was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. The society was transformed by the use of new machines and the growth of factories. Many important new transportation and communication systems were developed during this period. The country's manufacturing industries were weakened after World War II. Recovery was slow. It took nearly 40 years for the United Kingdom's economy to improve.
However, …
a) the United Kingdom once again established itself as one of the top countries for economic growth and productivity.
b) the United Kingdom is traditionally very strong in manufacturing. Heavy industries such as iron and steel, coal mining, and ship building declined in the late 20th century.
c) heavy industries such as iron and steel, coal mining, and ship building are underdeveloped.
2. The production of fuels dominates the country's mining industry. The United Kingdom usually produces enough oil so that it does not need to buy any from other nations. The country also has large reserves of natural gas and coal. Coal mining was once a huge industry in the United Kingdom. However, …
a) it has one of the world's largest reserves of potash (potassium salts), which is used when making fertilizers.
b) it is also a world leader in the production of peat. Peat is a vegetable tissue formed by the breakup of various plants in water. It is formed into briquettes and used as fuel.
c) coal production dropped greatly as the country began switching to other fuels.
3. The country's farms are very efficient and use many specialized machines. Less than 2 percent of the workforce is employed in agriculture. Farmers raise cattle, sheep, and pigs. The British livestock industry was hurt by an outbreak of mad cow disease in cattle beginning in the 1980s. …
a) The chief crops include barley, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes.
b) It is the world's largest producer of rice and is among the leading sources of wheat, corn, tobacco, soybeans, peanuts, and cotton.
c) The country leads the world in the production of chickens, and eggs.
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