Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put them down in the right-hand column:
- легко и одновременно сложно
- все дело в выборе и предпочтениях
- следовать стереотипам
- чей вклад является важным
- кто не так широко известен
- как белорусский, так и польский ученый
- движение против царизма за независимость
- стал заниматься исследованием
- окрестности
- его освободили от службы
- по состоянию здоровья
- оставили в ссылке еще на 14 лет
- лишь в... году ему разрешили вернуться
- снова поехал в Сибирь исследовать
- умер и был похоронен
- поселок в устье реки...
- открытия имеют большое значение
- достаточно вспомнить
- стоянка доисторического человека эпохи палеолита
- вызвала сенсацию
- считалось, что только в Европе
- эволюция рельефа
- его наградили
- названы в его честь
- на меня произвел большое впечатление
- огромный вклад
- стоит поделиться с вами
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. Why is it both easy and difficult speaking about outstanding people?
2. What science did Ivan Chersky work in?
3. Where did he get his education?
4. Why was he arrested and exiled to Siberia?
5. What kind of studies did Chersky conduct with the local scientists in Siberia?
6. What discovery made by him caused a sensation?
7. What did he create there?
8. What did he research while he live in Irkutsk?
9. What awards did Chersky get for his research?
10. Where did he die?
11. What are his most famous works?
12. How is the name of Ivan Chersky honoured?
Section 2: TEXT FOR COMPREHENSION
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Read the text
§ 1. Milligan looked round the dark and dirty rooms critically, while the landlady stood behind him, wondering whether he would decide to take them. She stood with her arms crossed; her eye was observant. She, in her turn, was looking critically at Milligan, of course. He was a clerk in a travel agency, and in his spare time he wrote stories for the cinema. What attracted him just now in the very ordinary rooms was the big folding-doors.
§ 2. All he really needed was a bed-sitting-room, with breakfast, but he suddenly saw himself sitting in that front room writing his scenarios - successfully at last. It was rather tempting. He would be a literary man - with a study! ‘Your price seems a trifle high, Mrs - er - ’ he opened the bargaining.
§ 3. ‘Bostock, sir, Mrs Bostock,’ she informed him, then recited her worries about the high cost of living. It was unnecessary, for Milligan was no(listening, having already decided in his mind to take the rooms.
§ 4. While Mrs Bostock droned monotonously on, his eye fell casually upon a picture that hung above the plush mantelpiece — a Chinese scene showing a man in a boat upon a little lake. He glanced at it, no more than that. It was better than glancing at Mrs Bostock. The landlady, however, instantly caught that glance and noticed its direction.
§ 5. ‘Me ‘usband’ - she switched off her main theme - ‘brought it ‘ome from China. From Hong-Kong, I should say.’ And the fact that she pro
nounced the ‘H’ in Hong made Milligan smile. He perceived that she was proud of the picture evidently.
§ 6. ‘It’s wonderful,’ he said. ‘Probably it’s worth something, too. These Chinese drawings - some of ‘em - are very rare, I believe.’
§ 7. The little picture was worth perhaps two shillings, and he knew it; but he had found his way to Mrs Bostock’s heart, and, incidentally, had persuaded her to take a shilling off the rent. The picture, he felt sure, had been stolen by her late husband, a sea captain. To her it was a kind of nest-egg. If she ever found herself in difficulties, it would fetch money, Milligan, by chance, had stumbled upon what he called a ’good line’.
§ 8. Being an honest creature, he had no wish to use his knowledge, but every week thereafter, almost every day, indeed, some remark concerning the Chinese drawing passed between them; with the natural result that, while it bored him a good deal, he cultivated the theme, and in so doing gazed much and often at the Chinaman. That Chinese, sitting in the boat with his back to the room, rowing, rowing eternally across the peaceful lake without advancing, he came to know in every detail.
Algernon Blackwood, Tales of Tenor and Darkness
TASK 2
Choose the correct answer.
1. The landlady was looking critically at Milligan (ij 1) in order to find out...
A how much she could ask him for the rooms.
В if he had noticed that the rooms were very dirty.
С if he liked having her for a landlady.
D what sort of man he was.
2. What does the story tell us about Milligan’s scenarios (§ 2)?
A His stories were gradually getting better.
В His stories would eventually be successful.
С So far he had not produced very many stories,
D So far his writing had not had much success.
3. Why did Mrs Bostock recite her worries about the high cost of living (§ 3)?
A To explain to Milligan why she was letting her rooms.
В To find out what Milligan’s opinion on the subject was.
С To make clear to Milligan why she was asking that price.
D To make Milligan believe the rent was really rather low.
4. What is meant by ‘the bargaining’ (the end of § 2)?
A Milligan moving into the rooms.
В Milligan’s inspection of the rooms.
С The landlady accepting Milligan’s money.
D The settling of the price for the rooms.
5. What made Milligan decide to take the rooms (the end of § 3)?
A He had been looking for this kind of accommodation for a long time. В He realized that the big folding-doors, if left open, would turn them into one large room.
С He would have extra doors to shut him off from the noises in the rest of the house.
D The folding-doors would give him the feeling that he had a room especially for his writing.
6. What had been Mrs Bostock’s ‘main theme’ (§ 5)?
A Anyone taking her rooms would have to behave decently.
В Financially speaking, things were difficult for her.
С Her life had been very monotonous since her husband had died.
D The rooms she let were very good,
7. Why did Mrs Bostock pronounce the ‘H’ in Hong-Kong (§ 5)?
A She had noticed Milligan’s surprise when she said ‘usband’ and ‘ome\
В She pronounced ‘Hong-Kong’ in the way her husband used to do.
С She was afraid that Milligan would not understand her otherwise.
D She was trying to impress Milligan with the picture.
8. Which of the following is true about the sentence ‘If she ever found herself in difficulties...’ (§ 7)?
A It is what an expert had told Mrs Bostock.
В It is what Milligan thought,
С It is what Mrs Bostock thought.
D It is what Mrs Bostock’s husband had thought.
9. Milligan was ‘a good deal’ (§ 8) bored by...
A being honest to Mrs Bostock.
В discussing the Chinese picture.
С gazing at the Chinese picture.
D talking to Mrs Bostock.
10. How was it that Milligan came to know the picture in every detail (the end of the story)?
A He could not help wondering if it had really come from Hong-Kong. В He liked it so much that he really wanted to study it.
С He talked about it so often that he could not help looking at it.
D It had given him an idea for one of his scenarios.
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text
1. [It was rather] tempting (§ 2)
A curious В attractive С funny
2. to perceive (§ 5)
A to find out В to think С to notice
3. incidentally (§ 7)
A accidentally В by the way С at least
4. late (§ 7)
A former В unpunctual С dead
5. to cultivate (8 8)
A to work on В to encourage С to develop
6. eternally (8 8)
A endlessly В carefully С cautiously
TASK 4
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text.
1. It was unnecessary, for Milligan was not listening, having already decided
in his mind to take the rooms. (§ 3)
А В этом не было необходимости, так как Миллиган не слушал, уже приняв решение снять комнаты.
В Это не было необходимым для Миллигана, который не слушал, а уже решил снять эти комнаты.
С В этом для Миллигана не было необходимости, так как он уже принял решение снять комнаты и не слушал.
2. The landlady, however, instantly caught that glance and noticed its direction. (§ 4)
А Хозяйка, однако, быстро уловила, что его взгляд направлен и этом направлении.
В Хозяйка, однако, мгновенно заметила этот взгляд и его направление.
С Хозяйка, однако, тут же перехватила направление этого взгляда,
3. If she ever found herself in difficulties, it [the picture] would fetch money. (§ 7)
А Если она когда-нибудь окажется в затруднении, картина принесет ей
деньги.
В Если бы она когда-нибудь обнаружила трудности, то картина бы ей
принесла деньги.
С Если бы она когда-нибудь оказалась в затруднительном положении,
то картина бы принесла ей деньги.
4.... some remark concerning the Chinese drawing passed between them
(§ 8)
А...они обменивались какой-нибудь репликой об этой китайской картине...
В...какая-то ремарка, касающаяся китайской картины, пробегали между ними...
С...между ними передавалась какая-нибудь фраза об этой китайской картине...
UNIT 24
AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST OF ENGLAND
OPIC FOR DISCUSSION
AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST OF ENGLAND | ВЫДАЮЩИЙСЯ УЧЕНЫЙ АНГЛИИ |
1. Hello, I’m Vitaly Dashkevich, and I’m going to tell you about Michael Faraday, one of the greatest physicists of the world, the creator of theory of electromagnetic field. 2. I’ve been interested in physics for a few years, and my goal is to study physics at the university. 3. In my opinion, a broad view on this or that science is formed not only in the process of solving problems but also by studying its history. 4. In this context, studying the biographies of famous scientists is of special value. 5. Michael Faraday, the pride of English and world science, was bom in late 18lh century (1791) not far from London. 6. His father was a blacksmith, and at the age of thirteen the boy started working for a bookseller as an errand boy. 7. Later on he learnt book binding and spent his free time reading the books that were available in the book shop where he worked. | 1. Здравствуйте, меня зовут Виталий Дашкевич, и я собираюсь рассказать вам о Майкле Фарадее, одном их величайших физиков мира, создателе теории электромагнитною поля. 2. Я интересуюсь физикой уже несколько лет, и моя цель - изучать физику в университете. 3. На мой взгляд, широкий взгляд на ту или иную науку формируется не только в процессе решения задач, но и при изучении истории науки. 4. В связи с этим изучение биографий великих ученых представляет особую ценность. 5. Майкл Фарадей, гордость английской и мировой науки, родился в конце 18-го века (в 1791 г.) недалеко от Лондона. 6. Его отец был кузнецом, и в возрасте 13 лет мальчик начал работать рассыльным у книготорговца. 7. Затем он научился переплетать книги и стал проводить свободное время за чтением книг, которые находились в книжном магазине, где он работал. |
8. It was on the basis of the science books that Michael started making some simple experiments,
9. In addition to the books he had read, he went to listen to Humphrey Davy’s lectures in 1812.
10. Professor Davy helped Michael to get employed as a chemistry lab assistant at the Royal Institute.
11. His first experiments - first in chemistry and then in electricity - were encouraged by his teacher and mentor Davy.
12. Faraday’s work in the laboratory was very fruitful and productive.
13. Only in the period of three years {from 1816 to 1819) he published 37 research papers.
14. In 1821 Faraday got interested in electromagnetism, and in the course of his experiments he observed the phenomenon which led him to the invention of the first electric motor.
15. After years of patient and persistent research Michael Faraday, being 40 years of age, discovered electromagnetic induction which became the basis of all electrotechnical studies.
16. Following this discovery, he designed and tested various electric machines to extend his newly discovered principle.
17. Later on he worked in the field of electrolysis and found out that some substances become conductors only in the liquid state.
8. На основе научных книг Майкл начал проводить несложные опыты.
9. Кроме чтения книг, в 1812 году он посещал лекции Хэмфри Дэйви.
10. Профессор Дэйви помог ему устроиться ассистентом в химическую лабораторию Королевского Института.
11. Его первые эксперименты - сначала по химии, а потом по электричеству - поощрялись его учителем и наставником Дэйви.
12. Работа Фарадея в лаборатории была очень плодотворной и продуктивной,
13. Только за три года (с 1816 до 1819 года) он опубликовал 37 научно-исследовательских работ.
14. В 1821 году Фарадей заинтересовался электромагнетизмом и в ходе экспериментов наблюдал явления, которые привели его к изобретению первого электромотора.
15. Годы спустя, в результате кропотливых и упорных исследований, в возрасте 40 лет Майкл Фарадей открыл электромагнитную индукцию, которая стала основой всех работ в области электротехники.
16. Вслед за этим открытием он сконструировал и испытал различные электрические приборы с целью углубления сделанного им открытия.
17. Позднее он работал в области электролиза и обнаружил, что некоторые вещества становятся проводниками только в жидком состоянии.
18. Such common physical terms as electrode, anode, cathode, ion and a number of others were introduced by Michael Faraday to better describe his experiments.
19. To sum up the role of Michael Faraday in the world science, I should also say that he was the first to prove the identity of different kinds of electricity, and he predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.
20. Faraday was an honorary member of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
21. He lived 76 years and died in 1867.
22. I’ve always been amazed at Michael Faraday’s great contribution to science and his ability to foresee its developments and progress.
18. Для лучшего описания проводимых экспериментов М. Фарадей ввел в употребление такие ставшие общеупотребительными термины, как электрод, анод, катод, ион и ряд других.
19. Подводя итог роли Майкла Фарадея в мировой науке, следует также сказать, что он первым доказал тождественность различных видов электричества и предсказал существование электромагнитных волн.
20. Фарадей являлся почетным членом Санкт-Петербургской Академии Наук.
21. Он прожил 76 лет и умер в 1867 году.
22. Меня всегда поражал огромный вклад Майкла Фарадея в науку и его дар предвидеть ее развитие и прогресс.
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Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put them down in the right-hand column:
- один из величайших физиков мира
- создатель теории электромагнитного поля
- я уже несколько лет интересуюсь физикой
- моей целью является
- широкий взгляд на ту или иную науку формируется...
-... а также при изучении ее истории
- в этой связи...
- представляет особую ценность (значимость)
- гордость английской и мировой науки
- в качестве посыльного у книготорговца
- научился переплетать книги
- книги, которые были в магазине
- помог устроиться (на работу) лаборантом в химическую лабораторию
- проведение экспериментов поощрял его учитель и наставник
- плодотворная и продуктивная (работа)
- в ходе экспериментов наблюдал явление
- привело к открытию первого электродвигателя
- годы терпеливой и кропотливой исследовательской работы
- которая стала основой изучения электротехники
- вслед за этим открытием
- создал и испытал
- с целью расширения
- некоторые вещества становятся проводниками лишь в жидком состоянии
- общеизвестные физические термины
- были введены (в употребление)
- чтобы лучше описать
- подытоживая роль
- тождественность различных видов электричества
- предвидел (предсказал) существование
- меня всегда поражая огромный вклад
- способность предвидеть развитие и прогресс (науки)
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
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TASK 1
Read the text
§1.1 think it is a disgrace that we are not forced by law to keep our own daily records. In this way future generations would have the happy benefit of our experiences. The reason for this concern is the discovery of my own diary for the year 1950. It makes interesting reading.
§ 2. The event of the year must have been the arrival of the television set. Throughout the winter I spent much of my recorded time listening, with the family, to the radio. It had a fretwork front and shiny knobs and romantically named stations that we can no longer receive. It occupied a place of honour, and we collected round it like they do in old films and stared at it or cried at it or laughed at it, depending upon its whims.
§3.And then there were rumblings of discontent. Somebody knew somebody who had declared that if you were geographically blessed, you might pick up a signal from the remote TV transmitter in Sutton Coldfield. Somebody, who didn’t know somebody, said we were mad to consider it. The set was ordered. We travelled in state to the radio shop to see it unloaded and tested. Hail and snow swept across the 9-inch screen, and the engineer in the shop clicked his tongue and shook his head.
§ 4. My father was disinclined to accept defeat so readily and said that since we lived on a steep hillside, facing Sutton Coldfield, he felt sure that we should be visited by a strong signal. The engineer brought the instrument at ‘twenty past four’ on 11 March.
§ 5. The diary does not record the fact that our nearest and dearest had been called to witness this majestic occasion. Chairs were amphitheatred around the space formerly occupied by the radio. The engineer brought his book and grunted deeply behind the cabinet.
§ 6. Suddenly, there was a sharp crackle and the subsequent unmistakable sound of a ping-pong ball being smacked across a hard table. The sound was working well, but, peer as we might, we could only dimly comprehend the sweating forms of two ping-pongers, and not a ball between them.
§ 7. ‘It’s ping-pong, Granny. Isn’t it grand?’ I’d never thought I’d live to see anything like this,’ she said, squinting at nothing. My mother said we could have listened to the ping-pong on the radio at less than half the cost.
My sister took this as an awful insult to the engineer, who was sweating behind the set. A first-class silent row blew up.
§ 8. The engineer got up and said it must be the weather and that it might brighten up when the sun came out, and then left, sheepishly. The pings ponged on. Nobody spoke. My father got up and stared at the knobs, on the front. It says ‘Brightness’ here, he said.
§ 9. ‘So,’ said my mother, ‘turn it then.’ He faded up the players to full and glorious view and then glowed with the triumphant satisfaction of one who had brought light to dark places. From then on the television became the dominating influence on our family life.
From The Observer
Уу task 2
Choose the correct answer.
1. Why should everyone keep a diary, according to the writer?
A One can learn from one’s own experiences.
В One will not forget important facts.
С Those after us can learn from our successes and failures.
D Those after us will be stimulated to follow our example.
2. What is meant by ‘my recorded time’ (§ 2)?
A The days before television.
В The evenings the writer spent listening to the radio.
С The time covered by the writer’s diary.
D The time the writer spent at his parents’ home.
3. Why were there ‘rumblings of discontent’ (§3)?
A Television reception was poor in the area where the family lived.
В The family began to be bored by the radio.
С The family could not receive enough radio stations.
D There was the possibility of getting TV.
4. What can be concluded from the sentence ‘We travelled in state to the radio shop to see it unloaded and tested, ’ (§ 3)?
A Buying a TV set was important to the family.
В Everyone in the family wanted to be the first to see the TV set.
С The family had to go a long way to the radio shop.
D The family was arguing about buying a TV set till the very end.
5. The engineer in the shop ‘clicked his tongue and shook his head’ (§ 3) to indicate that...
A he thought we were fools to buy such a small TV set.
В he would have to order a new set.
С it was impossible to get a picture at that moment.
D the weather was too bad for any signals to get through.
6. The writer’s father accepted the TV set he had ordered in spite of the unsuccessful demonstration. This can be explained as follows:
A He doubted the engineer’s skill.
В He expected that TV broadcasts would gradually improve.
С He felt optimistic that they would be within range of the signal.
D He foolishly refused to listen to good advice.
7. Why did the engineer grunt ‘deeply behind the cabinet’ (the end of § 5)?
A He had a difficult job to do.
В He had failed again to get the TV set working.
С He saw that the TV set was going to work.
D He was pleased that he had sold a TV set.
8. What do we know from Granny’s words in § 7?
A She had never seen a ping-pong match.
В She thought she was too old to understand such modern things.
С She thought the TV set a marvellous invention.
D She was not interested in what she saw.
9. Why did a first-class ‘silent row’ blow up (the end of § 7)?
A The engineer felt he had been insulted by the mother.
В The writer’s mother disliked the way her daughter behaved towards the engineer.
С The writer’s sister had said that her mother should not speak before the engineer was ready.
D The writer’s sister thought her mother should appreciate the engineer’s efforts more.
10. What can be concluded from § 9?
A At last the father had found the TV station he had been looking for.
В At last the father managed to pick up a few signals.
С Finally, the TV set was switched on.
D Finally, the TV set worked properly.
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text.
1. disgrace (§ t)
A disappointment В horror С shame
2. discontent (§ 3)
A displeasure В tiredness С discomfort
3. to be disinclined (§ 4)
A to be hesitant В to be disappointed С to be unwilling
4. cabinet (§ 5)
A set of tools В set of furniture С set of boxes
5. to peer (§ 6)
A to look В to observe С to notice
6. to fade up (§ 9)
A to turn off
В to turn on С to make brighter
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text.
1. The event of the year must have been the arrival of the television set. (§ 2) А Событием года должно стать появление телевизора.
В Событием года должно было стать прибытие телевизора.
С Событием года, очевидно, стала покупка телевизора.
2.... since we lived on a steep hillside, facing Sutton Coldfield, he felt sure that we should be visited by a strong signal. (§ 4)
A... так как мы жили на крутом холме окнами на Саттон Колд- филд, он был уверен, что у нас должно быть хорошее изображение.
В... поскольку мы жили на крутом холме, смотрящем на Саттон Колдфилд, он чувствовал уверенность в том, что у нас должен хорошо восприниматься сигнал.
С... с тех пор, как мы стали жить на крутом холме окнами на Саттон Колдфилд, он был уверен, что до нас должен хорошо доходить телесигнал.
3. Chairs were amphitheatred around the space formerly occupied by the radio. (§ 5)
А Стулья были поставлены полукругом вокруг того пространства, которое занимало радио.
В Стулья были расположены амфитеатром вокруг того места, на котором раньше стоял радиоприемник.
С Стулья амфитеатром стояли вокруг бывшего места, занимаемого радиоприемником.
4. My sister took this as an awful insult to the engineer, who was sweating behind the set. (§ 7)
А Моя сестра нанесла страшное оскорбление механику, который потел позади приемника.
В Моя сестра посчитала это страшным оскорблением механику, который работал в поте лица над телевизором.
С Моя сестра восприняла это в качестве страшного оскорбления инженеру, потеющему за приемником.
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
TOPIC FOR DISC
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
1. I’m Lena Ch., and I’d like to draw your attention to ecological problems as I see them.
2. First I’m going to give some general information about the damage to our habitat, then I’ll focus on the ecological problems of our country and finally I’ll talk about a possible solution to the existing problems.
3. It is common knowledge that environment is vitally important for people to live and be healthy.
4. Man’s habitat includes air, water and land.
5. Over the years of technological revolution, we have experienced various kinds of environment pollution, destruction of the ozone layer, global warming, green house effect and other phenomena that aggravate the ecological situation.
6. In fact we are witnessing a negative impact of the progress of science and technology.
7. Examples are numerous all over the world, and Belarus is no exception here.
1. Меня зовуг Ольга H., и я бы хотела привлечь ваше внимание к экологическим проблемам и к тому, как я себе их представляю.
2. Прежде всего, я дам общую информацию о вредном воздействии на нашу среду обитания, затем остановлюсь на экологических проблемах нашей страны и в конце выскажу свое мнение о возможном решении существующих проблем.
3. Общеизвестно, что окружающая среда очень важна для жизни и здоровья людей.
4 Среда обитания человека включает в себя воздух, воду и землю.
5. За годы научно-технической революции мы испытали различные виды загрязнения среды, разрушение озонового слоя атмосферы, глобальное потепление, парниковый эффект и другие явления, которые усугубляют экологическую ситуацию.
6. Фактически мы являемся свидетелями отрицательного воздействия на среду прогресса науки и техники.
7. Примеров тому множество во всем мире, и Беларусь здесь не является исключением.
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