7. Britain is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel.
8. If you travel to England by bus, the ferry boat will cross the narrowest part of the English Channel, the Straight of Dover from Calais [kj(01eco] in France to Dover in England.
9. The four parts of the UK are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (their capitals are, respectfully, London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast).
10. Britain has both plains and highlands.
11. Numerous rivers and lakes are very common there.
12. The most important river is the Thames, of course, as London stands on it.
13. Due to the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic Ocean the climate is quite mild there.
14. The UK is an advanced industrial country,
15. A lot of enterprises producing chemicals, textiles, aircraft and machinery are found in Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool and Manchester.
16. Among the British cities I would also mention Nottingham known thanks to Robin Hood who used to live in the Sherwood forest nearby.
17. Nottingham is also a twin- town of Minsk, by the way.
7. Британию отделяют от континентальной Европы Северное море, Атлантический океан и пролив Ла-Манш.
8. Если путешествовать в Англию на автобусе, паром пересекает самую узкую часть Ла-Манша - Па-де-Кале, который расположен между французским городом Кале и английским Дувром.
9. В число четырех составляющих частей Соединенного королевства входят Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс и Северная Ирландия (их столицы - эго, соответственно, Лондон, Эдинбург, Кардифф и Белфаст).
10. В Британии есть как равнины, так и возвышенности.
11. Здесь можно нередко встретить реки и озера.
12. Самой важной по значению рекой, конечно, является Темза, так как на ней расположен Лондон.
13. Из-за течения Гольфстрим в Атлантическом океане климат там довольно мягкий.
14. Великобритания - это высокоразвитая индустриальная страна.
15. В таких городах, как Бирмингем, Шеффилд, Ливерпуль и Манчестер, находится много предприятий, производящих химическую продукцию, текстиль, самолеты и машинное оборудование.
16. Среди британских городов стоит также назвать Ноттингем, который больше известен благодаря Робин Гуду, который обитал в близлежащем Шервудском лесу.
17. Между прочим, Ноттингем является также одним из городов-побратимов Минска.
18. As for the political system of the country, it’s a constitutional monarchy, meaning that Queen Elizabeth П is formally the head of state, but of course it’s the cabinet of ministers that makes decisions.
19. At present, the cabinet is composed of the Labour party members.
20. The leader of the party Tony Blair became the prime minister in May 1997, when his party won the parliament elections after 18 years of the Conservative party rule.
21. In June 2001 there were held parliament elections again, and Tony Blair won another victory.
22. I follow the events in the UK on a regular basis - on TO and in the press.
23. I could talk and talk about Britain whose people are very proud of their flag called “Union Jack” and country in general.
24. They never forget that Britain is Great.
25. I hope in the future I’ll be able to visit this very special country - both as a tourist and perhaps on business - to practise my English and see for myself all the sites that are familiar to me from books and films.
18. Что касается политического устройства страны, это конституционная монархия, то есть королева Елизавета Ц формально является главой государства, но именно кабинет министров принимает решения.
19. В настоящее время кабинет состоит из членов Лейбористской партии.
20. Лидер этой партии Тони Блэр стал премьер-министром в мае 1997 года, когда его партия одержала победу на парламентских выборах после 18 лег правления Консервативной партии.
21. В июне 2001 года были снова проведены парламентские выборы, и Тони Блэр одержал еще одну победу.
22. Я постоянно слежу за событиями в Великобритании по телевидению и в прессе.
23. Я мог(ла) бы бесконечно говорить
о Британии, народ которой очень гордится своим национальным флагом, называемым «Юнион Джек», и страной в целом.
24. Они никогда не забывают о том, что Британия - Великая.
25. Я надеюсь, что в будущем мне удастся побывать в этой особенной стране - и в качестве туриста, и, возможно, по работе, чтобы попрактиковаться в английском языке и самому увидеть все те места, которые мне знакомы по книгам и фильмам.
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put them down in the right-hand column:
- всегда меня привлекала (была мне интересна)
- вклад в мировую культуру, науку и техническую революцию
- общая информация, за которой последует...
- несмотря на ее огромное влияние
- плотность населения там гораздо выше
- паром пересечет самую узкую часть пролива Ла-Манш
- как равнины, так и возвышенности
- из-за Гольфстрима и Атлантического океана
- высокоразвитая промышленная страна
- город-побратим Минска
- имеется в виду, что королева Елизавета II формально является главой государства
- правительство состоит из членов Лейбористской партии
- его партия одержала победу на парламентских выборах
- снова состоялись парламентские выборы
- регулярно слежу за событиями в Соединенном Королевстве
всегда помнят, что Британия - Великая (игра слов — great как великая и как часть названия страны - беликобритания) надеюсь, что смогу побывать в этой особенной стране
- самому (самой) увидеть места, знакомые мне по книгам и фильмам
|
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. What is the full name of Great Britain?
2. What famous people of the country do you know?
3. What is the geographical position of the UK?
4. What parts is the UK composed of?
5. What is the main river of Great Britain?
6. What kind of landscape is characteristic for Britain?
7. What are the main industrial cities of the country?
8. What can you say about Nottingham?
9. What does the constitutional monarchy mean?
10. What political party is the ruling one at present in the UK?
11. What is the nickname of the British national flag?
12. Why would you like to visit Great Britain?
13. What stereotypes of Britain are most common?
14. Do you find any common features between Britain and Belarus?
SN4
and
ection 2: TEXT FOR COMPREHENSION
|
Read the text.
KIDS AND THE POLICE
§ l. Many young people think police pick on them, stop them, ask them to move on just because they are young. Some describe the police as bullies, pigs or bastards. And there is a growing hostility based on suspicion and fear.
§ 2. Suspicion - because young people believe the law can do what it likes. ‘Nobody is going to believe your word against a copper’s [policeman’s],’ said 16-year-old Steve, a punk from Manchester. Fear - because they don’t know their rights, don’t know what the police can do to them. And because they have heard horror stories, though maybe dramatized, from their mates.
§ 3. Conflicts that arise when teenagers are stopped by the police are examined in tonight’s BBC-2 programme Fair Cop? - the first in the Sixteen Up series, repeated on BBC-1 on Sundays. Patrick Titley, the director of the programme, comments, ‘I don’t think the police realize how frightened teenagers feel when a copper stops them. They majority of the youngsters we met weren’t anti-police. But they do think the police pick on them because of the way they dress.’
§ 4. During the programme, Paul Boeteng, a lawyer, answers questions teenagers put to him on their legal rights. Paul advises, ‘It pays to be polite. The only way the police can function in society is if young people are aware of the fact that the police have a job to do.’
§ 5. The young often feel they are an easy target for the police. If an officer is bored or cold, then what is easier, the young think, than nicking a youth on the streets. As one teenager said, ‘Walking the streets is hard wear on his feet, so he nicks you and it’s one up, see.’ Many claim that they don’t know why they are taken to the police station.
§ 6. And once there, very few youngsters know their rights, whether or not they can be stripped and searched or how long they can be held, According to the official rules, any young person under the age of 17 should only be interviewed in the presence of a parent or a guardian. But these rules are sometimes ignored.
§ 7. Similarly, every person at any stage of an investigation should be able to talk privately to a solicitor, if that does not take too much time. But as Ric Phillips, a youth worker says, ‘The truth is teenagers don’t a solicitor’s phone number on them. They may ask for legal advice and be told that the station sergeant who deals with that is out. The kid is locked up, cigarettes taken away, sometimes his belt and shoelaces removed. He’s scared and starts talking. Anything to get out.’
§ 8. Half the crime in Britain is committed by people under the age of 21. The peak age for offending is 15. In the last five years more and more crimes of violence have been committed, burglary has increased by two-thirds, vandalism has doubled. It is no wonder that the police are coming down hard on youth. But this crisis of confidence between the younger generation and the law must be a matter of great concern to each and everyone of us.
From The Daily Mirror
TASK 2
Choose the correct answer.
1. What does the first sentence tell us?
Many young people...
A feel that the police have a special dislike of them.
В do not like being treated like children by the police. С are treated badly by the police.
D are aggressive to policemen of their own age.
2. Steve’s words (§ 2) illustrate the fact that...
A policemen do not give young people a chance to talk.
В many young people do not trust the police at all.
С it is true that the law does what it likes.
D it is difficult to tell the police the truth.
3. Patrick Titley’s comment (§ 3) shows his...
A understanding of young people’s behaviour towards the police.
В insight into why the police want to frighten young people.
С fear of growing hatred between the police and young people.
D disapproval of young people’s behaviour towards the police.
4. What is Paul Boeteng’s advice to teenagers (§ 4)?
A To stop thinking that society is run by the police.
В To stop bothering the police in their work.’
С To help the police whenever possible to make their job easier.
D To accept that police work is necessary.
5. What kind of idea do young people have of the police, according to paragraph five?
A The police often pick up young people for no good reason at all.
В The police cannot stand young people who seem to have nothing to do. С The police blame the young for the fact that their job has become so difficult.
D The police are often so tired that they neglect their duties.
6. The last sentence in § 6 says that ‘these rules are sometimes ignored’. By whom?
A Young people.
В Policemen.
С Parents or guardians.
D Journalists.
7. What does Ric Phillips want to point out (§ 7)?
A The policeman who should give legal advice to teenagers is never there.
В The police do not always give teenagers a fair treatment.
С Policemen try to keep young people under arrest as long as possible. D At the police station teenagers try anything to break out of their cells.
8. What does the author make clear in paragraph eight?
A The police have not done enough to stop the enormous increase in crime.
В Most of the crimes in Britain are committed by 15-year-olds.
С It is understandable why the police deal severely with young people. D Half of Britain's younger population commits some crime or other.
9. At the end of the article the writer expresses her opinion that...
A young people should be aware of the difficulty of a policeman’s job. В the younger generation should have more understanding of important laws.
С the police should make it clear why they are so hard on young people.
D the lack of trust between the police and the young deserves serious attention.
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text
1. to pick on (§ 1)
A to arrest В to detain С to find fault with
2. hostility (§1)
A misunderstanding В animosity С cruelty
3. It pays (§ 4)
A It’s expensive В It’s costly С It’s worth
4. target (§ 5)
A catch В job С aim
5. to nick (§ 5)
A to detain В to stop С to search
6. to offend (§ 8)
A to mistreat В to violate С to disobey
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text.
1.... young people are aware of the fact that the police have a j ob to do. (§ 4)
A... молодые люди знают о том факте, что полиция должна выполнять свою работу.
В... молодые люди понимают, что у полиции есть обязанности, которые они должны выполнять.
С... молодые люди осознают факт выполнения полицией ее работы.
2. Walking the streets is hard wear on his feet... (§ 5)
А Гулять по улицам нелегко на его ногах...
В Патрулировать улицы пешком нелегко.
С Носить обмундирование во время патрулирования пешком трудно.
3. And once there, very few youngsters know their rights... (§ 6).
А А однажды они могут оказаться там, и мало кто из молодежи знает свои права...
В Как только они туда попадают, лишь несколько подростков знают права...
С Находясь там, лишь немногие молодые люди знают свои права.
4. Similarly, every person at any stage of an investigation should be able to
talk privately to a solicitor... (§ 7)
А Точно так же каждому человеку на любой стадии расследования необходимо поговорить частным образом с адвокатом...
В Похоже на то, что каждый должен иметь возможность пообщаться с адвокатом в любой момент следствия...
С Точно так же каждый должен иметь возможность на любом этапе следствия поговорить наедине с адвокатом...
UNIT 13
LONDON
Section 1: TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION
LONDON | ЛОНДОН |
1. Hello, I’m Denis Shavrov and I’d like to speak about London, the capital of Great Britain and the largest city in Europe. 2. I’ll start with a short history of London, then I’ll pass on to its modem outlook, and I’ll conclude by sharing my own views on what I’d like to see there in the first place and why. 3. London has a great history of over two thousand years, and the original name of London was Lond- inium. 4. Originally, it was a Roman settlement of 9 square miles on the banks of the Thames river, which even in those times was one of Europe’s major trading centres. 5. With the passing years, London continued to grow in importance and prosperity. 6. Traditionally, London is divided into four parts: the City, the West End, the East End, and Westminster, but of course London is more than that, and we can now distinguish between central London and greater London with lots of smaller suburbs. | 1. Здравствуйте, я Денис Шавров, и мне хотелось бы рассказать о Лондоне, столице Великобритании и самом большом городе в Европе. 2. Я начну с краткой истории Лондона, затем перейду к его современному облику и закончу тем, что поделюсь своими взглядами на то, что бы мне хотелось увидеть там в первую очередь и почему. 3. У Лондона большая история, насчитывающая более двух тысяч лет, а его первоначальное название — Лондиниум. 4. Первоначально это было Римское поселение площадью 9 тысяч квадратных миль на берегах реки Темзы, и уже тогда это был один из крупных торговых центров Европы. 5. С годами Лондон продолжал расти и приобретать все большее значение. 6. Традиционно Лондон делится на четыре части - Сити, Вест-Энд, Ист-Энд и Вестминстер, но, конечно, в Лондоне больше районов, и можно говорить о центральном Лондоне и Большом Лондоне с множеством небольших пригородов. |
7. Numerous banks and financial institutions (London stock exchange, for example) are located in the City - its business centre.
8. The City is also a market of goods (or commodities) of every kind from all over the world: there’s steel commodity exchange, coal commodity exchange there, and others as well.
9. The ancient Tower of London is right next to Tower Bridge, and it was built in the years of William the Conqueror who invaded Britain in the year 1066.
10. He built the Tower of London both to impress and frighten the English, so at first it was used as a prison, then as a royal palace, and now thousands of tourists come to visit this place as a museum, with traditional change of guards, ravens walking on the grass and the beefeater allowing them to take pictures with him.
11. The name “West End” is associated with wealth and luxury, and it’s in fact the centre of London.
12. The largest department stores, dozens of theatres and cinemas, museums and art galleries are found there.
13. A true magnet for tourists, especially young, is Piccadilly Circus with a statue of Eros in the centre.
14. In contrast, the East End is the least attractive part of London, with docks and the port located there.
7. В Огги - деловом ценггре города - расположены многочисленные банки и финансовые учреждения (например, Лондонская фондовая биржа).
8. Сити также является рынком всевозможных товаров со всего мира: там есть биржа стали, угольная биржа, а также другие товарные биржи.
9. Древний Лондонский Тауэр находится прямо возле Башенного Моста (Тауэр Бридж), его построили в годы правления Вильгельма- Завоевателя, который захватил Британию в 1066 году.
10. Он выстроил Лондонский Тауэр с целью поразить и запугать англичан, поэтому вначале это была тюрьма, затем - королевский дворец, а теперь тысячи туристов посещают это место как музей, можно увидеть традиционную смену караула, гуляющих по траве воронов и бифитера, который разрешает с собой фотографироваться.
11. Название «Вест-Энд» связано с богатством и роскошью, и он действительно находится в центре Лондона.
12. Там расположены крупнейшие универмаги, десятки театров и кинозалов, музеев и художественных галерей.
13. Настоящим магнитом для туристов, особенно молодых, является площадь Пиккадилли Серкус со статуей Эроса в центре.
14. В отличие от нее, Ист-Энд - наименее привлекательная часть Лондона, где находятся доки и порг.
15. And finally, the Westminster is an aristocratic part of London. The Houses of Parliament and the Queen’s residence - Buckingham Palace are there, as well as the Prime Minister’s residence at No. 10 Downing Street.
16. Westminster Abbey is the place known for the so called Poets’ Corner where such famous authors as Byron, Thackeray, Kipling and a number of others are buried.
17. You cannot miss the geographical centre of London - Trafalgar Square which is full of visitors and pigeons crowding around Nelson’s Column and four stone lions symbolizing the strength of the former British Empire.
18. It’s my dream to come and visit all those places for myself.
19. I hope I'll be able to do it - either as a tourist or on business, and the first things I want to see are the Tower of London, Madam Tussaud’s museum of wax, and Sherlock Holmes museum which is right next to it, as far as 1 know from London guide-books.
20. What I read in the guide-books is the phrase that indeed stuck in my head: “He who is tired of London is tired of life.”
21. I’m looking forward to a great experience of discovering and exploring London on my own and hope I won’t be disappointed.
15. И, наконец, Вестминстер - это аристократический район Лондона. Там расположены Парламент и резиденция королевы - Букингем- ский дворец, а также резиденция премьер-министра в доме номер 10 по Даунинг-стрит.
16. Вестминстерское аббатство известно благодаря наличию в нем Уголка Поэтов, где похоронены такие известные писатели и поэты, как Байрон, Теккерей, Киплинг и ряд других.
17. Нельзя пройти мимо географического центра Лондона - Трафальгарской площади, где всегда много туристов и голубей, толпящихся вокруг колонны Нельсона и четырех львов, символизирующих силу бывшей Британской Империи.
18. Моя мечта - приехать и посетить все это достопримечательности.
19. Надеюсь, что я смогу ее осуществить - как турист или в командировке, и первое, что я хочу увидеть, - это Лондонский Тауэр, музей восковых фигур мадам Тюссо и музей Шерлока Холмса, который находится рядом с ним, насколько я знаю из путеводителей по Лондону.
20. В этих путеводителях я прочитал фразу, которая засела у меня в голове: «Тот, кто устал от Лондона, тот устал от жизни»,
21. Я с нетерпением жду интереснейшей возможности открытия для себя Лондона и надеюсь, что не буду разочарован.
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put them down in the right-hand column:
- начну с перейду к... и закончу тем, что...
- что бы мне хотелось увидеть в первую очередь
- первоначальное название
- на берегах реки Темзы
- продолжал расти с точки зрения значимости и процветания
- традиционно делится на четыре части
- центральный и большой Лондон
- многочисленные банки и финансовые учреждения
- Лондонская фондовая биржа
- рынок всевозможных товаров
- товарная биржа
- древний Лондонский Тауэр
- Вильгельм-Завоеватель, который захватил Британию
- настоящий магнит для туристов, особенно молодых
- площадь Пиккадилли со статуей Эроса
- наименее привлекательная часть Лондона
- и, наконец, Вестминстер - это...
- нельзя пройти мимо географического центра
- мощь бывшей Британской империи
- моей мечтой является...
- музей восковых фигур мадам Тюссо и музей Шерлока Холмса
- из путеводителей по Лондону
- запомнилось мне (дословно: застряло в моей голове)
- «Тот, кто устал от Лондона, тот устал от жизни»
- с нетерпением жду
- открыть для себя Лондон и изучить его самостоятельно
- не буду разочарован
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. What is the original name of London?
2. How old is London?
3. | Where is London situated? |
4. | What is the traditional division of London? |
5. | Which part of London is the wealthiest? |
6. | Where in London is the business centre? |
7. | What is the Westminster famous for? |
8. | What is the geographical centre of London? |
9. | What place in London attracts young people? |
10. | Where does the Queen have her main residence? |
11. | Whose residence is No. 10 Downing Street? |
12. | How do you understand the phrase “He who is tired of London is tired of |
| life”? |
TASK 1
Read the text
I
[
§ 1. Sheila Edmundson looks set up to become the first woman captain in the Merchant Navy. In a letter written before our interview she said, ‘I can’t really say what the attraction of being a sailor was. Mostly I think it was a combination of travelling and getting away from home. Or maybe it was because I was told I couldn’t do it.’
§ 2. She applied to 14 companies, without success: ‘Four or five didn’t bother to reply. The others simply said they didn’t need women; they were quite open about it in those days. P&O was the worst - they offered me a job as a typist.’
§ 3. Temporarily defeated, she took a job as a technical assistant at a university. But, a couple of months later, through a chance piece of information, she applied to a shipping company called Denholm’s, which agreed to employ her.
§ 4. She didn’t take naturally to being a pioneer. ‘The men were very much on the guard against me, and on my first few trips I felt as if I was being observed all the time.’
§ 5. ‘The company arranged a lot of publicity, which annoyed me. I had to show my legs for photographs and give interviews. One women’s magazine made me out to be some kind of freak. It’s been easier since I became an officer; I’m part of the system, and I have to be accepted.
§ 6. As Second Mate, Sheila is navigator of the ship. She is on watch from midnight to 4 a.m., and from noon to 4 p.m. In open waters, when the ship is on automatic steering, this simply means walking up and down the bridge, keeping a look out for dangers, such as fire or man overboard and changing direction if necessary. In waters such the Gulf of Suez, where there is heavy traffic and oil rigs, the ship’s course must often be revised and its position calculated every 20 minutes.
§ 7. In port, she responsible, with the First Mate, for supervising the loading and unloading of cargo. If the dockers are inefficient, this means getting down in the hold with them, showing what to do and checking that they are doing it. ‘In some places they just pretend to be idiots.’
§ 8. How do men react to taking orders from a woman? ‘On the whole they take it, but if they feel they’ve got a case against me, they’ll make capital out of the fact that I’m a woman.’
§ 9. ‘I get most opposition from the ship’s engineers. There’s more of the idea of their manliness being challenged; they think crawling down tanks in dirty overalls is a way of proving themselves. When I’m around, they’ll use worse language than usual. I ignore it - what else can I do?’
From The Observer
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Choose the correct answer.
1. What was it Sheila ‘couldn’t do’ (the end of § 1)?
A Get away from home.
В Go to sea.
С Travel all the time.
D Work with men.
2. What does paragraph two describe?
A How difficult it was for Sheila to get the job she wanted.
В How little respect companies have for all applicants.
С What kind of jobs women usually do.
D What sort of work Sheila was trying to get.
3. Why did Sheila take a job as a technical assistant (§ 3)?
A She had at that moment given up hope of becoming a sailor.
В She knew it would help her get used to having a job.
С She no longer liked her job as a typist.
D She thought it wiser to take a woman’s job first.
4. How did the men behave towards Sheila on her first few trips (§ 4)?
They showed...
A anger.
В jealousy.
С sympathy.
D watchfulness.
5. What was the effect of Sheila becoming an officer (§ 5)?
A She found it easier to keep men at a distance.
В She got an enormous amount of publicity.
С She was able to function better.
D She was treated with more respect by the press.
6. What is the difference between navigating in open waters and in, for example, the Gulf of Suez?
A In open waters, accidents on board the ship occur more often.
В In open waters, the ship’s course need not often be changed.
С In the Gulf of Suez, ships change course every 20 minutes.
D In the Gulf of Suez, ships often have to speed up.
7. From paragraph seven it is clear that...
A Sheila does not like the work she has to do in ports.
В Sheila’s work can sometimes be too much for her.
С what Sheila dislikes is having to show men their duties.
D what Sheila has to do depends on how the dockers do their job.
8. How do men feel about Sheila commanding them, according to paragraph eight?
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