2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1. There are no limits to the number of candidates for the office of the president in the US presidential election. 2. In 1951the Congress voted for the 22d Amendment, which restricts the president to two periods of occupying his/her position. 3. The vice president serves at the same time as the president. 4. The vice president has the right to be the next one to occupy the presidential position, and he also supervises the work of the Senate. 5. The vice president has the legal right to take control of the presidential office if the president becomes too ill or weak to carry out his/her job. 6. The 25th Amendment, which was accepted by the Congress in 1967, and which adds details to the process of presidential succession, provides for the continuation of the office by the president if he/she gets healthy again. 7. According to the 25th Amendment, if the vice president resigns from his position, falls ill or dies, the president must, with congressional sanction, name the new vice president. 8. The US president has the duty to see that the laws are carried out in a proper way and for this aim he/she uses the federal government, including the non-retired military human resources. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Who can become the US President? In what way and how often do the Americans elect their president? When do the US presidential elections take place? What are the powers of the US president? What is the function of the US vice president? What is the maximum term to hold the president’s office in the USA? What happens if the US president falls seriously ill? 4. Work in pairs. Read the text and fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The Constitution requires the president to be the native-born American citizen at least 35 years of age. Candidates for the presidency are chosen by political parties several months before the presidential election, which is held every four years (in a year divisible evenly by four) on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November. The Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, limits the president to two terms of office. The vice president serves concurrently with the president. In addition to the right of succession, the vice president is the presiding officer of the Senate. The Twenty-fifth Amendment, adopted in 1967, amplifies the process of presidential succession. It describes the specific conditions under which the vice president is empowered to take over the office of president if the president becomes incapacitated. It also provides for resumption of the office by the president in the event of his recovery. In addition, the amendment enables the president to name vice president, with congressional approval, when the second office is vacated. The office of president of the USA is one of the most powerful in the world. The president, the Constitution says, must “take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” To carry out this responsibility, he presides over the executive branch of the federal government - a vast organization numbering about 4 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel. In addition, the president has important legislative and judicial powers. |
The requirements for the US president; 1) Age;_______________; 2) Residence; Candidates for the US president’s office are proposed by______________________ The US presidential election is held; 1) how often_ |
2) in what kind of years;____________________________; 3) when; The maximum amount of years to hold the president’s office; |
The vice president’s functions; 1)_______________________________; 2)_______________ The number of the Amendment that explains the process of presidential succession; This Amendment was adopted in |
Things that happen if the president becomes incapacitated; Things that happen if the president recovers: |
Things that happen if the vice-president becomes incapacitated; The president’s constitutional responsibility is; |
Things that the president uses to carry out his constitutional responsibility 50 ------------- ---------------- |
5. Listen to the text on the executive powers of the US president and fill in the gaps in the EXECUTIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT Within the_______________ (1) branch itself, the___________________ (2) has broad_________________ (3) to manage________________ (4) affairs and the working of the __________________ (5) government. The president can issue rules, regulations, and______________________ (6) called executive_________________ (7), which have the binding force of_________________ (8) upon federal agencies but do not require congressional__________________ (9). As commander-in-chief of the ^ armed___________ (10) of the United States, the president may also call into federal______________ (11) the state units of the National Guard. In times of war or _________ (12) emergency, the _______________ (13) may grant the president even broader _________ (14) to manage the national____________________ (15) and protect the_____________ (16) of the United States. The president nominates - and the__________________ (17) confirms - the heads of all executive_______________ (18) and agencies, together with hundreds of other high-ranking federal_____________ (19). The large majority of__________________ (20) workers, however, are selected through the Civil Service system, in which_____________________ (21) and promotion are based on ability and experience. 6. In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. |
declare a break in the meeting proposed law connection most important sitting do business with once a year chief assistant community clause convince address direction point of view make ineffective in spite of author introduce know the latest about reject give the right to prepare ____________________ |
LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT Despite the constitutional provision that “all legislative powers” shall be vested in Congress, the president, as the chief formulator of public policy, has a major legislative role. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress and, unless two-thirds of the members of each house vote 10 override the veto, the bill does not become law. Much of the legislation, with which Congress deals, is drafted at the initiative of the executive branch. In his annual and special messages to Congress, the president may propose legislation, which he believes is necessary. If the Congress adjourns without acting on those proposals, the president has the power to call it into special session. But in addition to this official role, the president, as head of political party and as principal executive officer of the U.S. government, can influence public opinion and in this way influence the course of legislation in Congress. To improve their working relations with Congress, presidents in recent years have set up a Congressional Liaison Office in the White House. Presidential aids keep abreast of all important legislative activities and try to persuade senators and representatives of both parties to support administration policies. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. Use the material of the texts in exercises 5 and 6. Executive Powers of the President The president can issue: 1)_________________, 2)_____________, and 3)____________________, which are called____________________________________________. Presidential_________ orders have the force of________________ ^upon_________________________. |
--------------------------------------------------------- 51 -------------------------------------------------------------- |
Presidential executive________ do not need President is the commander-in-chief of__________ President can call into federal service |
Congress may grant the president broader powers to: 1) 2)___: |
The president nominates: 1) 2)_: |
Civil Service system selects This selection is based on |
Legislative Powers of the President The president can veto _______________ but Congress can____________________ |
The executive branch drafts President may propose_______ |
President may call Congress________________________________________ President may influence the course of legislation in Congress by 1) 2)______ |
8. At home write everything you can about the US President’s powers. Use the texts in this Lesson or any other material you can get. You may also use the clues in the box below. See also: Opinion Essays in the Recommendations on Creative Writing Work. Stating and justifying opinions I think that... In my opinion... To my mind,... I believe that... I can't be certain, but I think... Personally, I feel that... I could be wrong, but I think... I personally think... If you want to know what I think,... This is what I think... Not everybody will agree with me, but... I'm not sure, but I think that... In my personal opinion.. 9. Translate into English A. Посада президента США - одна з найбільш наділених владними повноваженнями у світі. Президент, як сказано в Конституції, має «забезпечувати сумлінне виконання законів». Задля здійснення цього обов’язку він очолює виконавчу гілку федерального уряду - величезну організацію чисельністю близько 4 мільйонів осіб, включаючи 1 мільйон військових дійсної служби. Крім того, президент наділений важливими законодавчими та судовими повноваженнями. У межах виконавчої влади президент має широкі повноваження щодо управління загальнодержавними справами та роботи федерального уряду. Президент може встановлювати норми, видавати постанови та розпорядження, які називаються розпорядженнями голови виконавчої влади і є обов’язковими до виконання федеральними органами, але не потребують ухвалення Конгресом. Як головнокомандувач збройних сил США президент може залучати для федеральних потреб підрозділи Національної гвардії штатів. Під час війни чи дії надзвичайного стану Конгрес може розширити повноваження президента щодо управління економікою країни та захисту безпеки США. Президент призначає, а Сенат затверджує керівників усіх виконавчих міністерств і відомств, а також сотні інших федеральних урядовців вищої ланки. Однак значна частина федеральних службовців відбирається за посередництвом системи Цивільної служби, де висування та призначення на посади ґрунтується на здібностях та досвіді особи. |
-------------------------------------------------------- S2 ------------------------------------------------------------- |
Б. Незважаючи на конституційне положення про те, що «всі повноваження законодавчої влади» мають належати Конгресові, президент як головний творець державної політики відіграє помітну законодавчу роль. Президент може накласти вето на будь-який законопроект, ухвалений Конгресом, і якщо дві третини членів кожної з палат не проголосують за подолання цього вето, законопроект не стане законом. Проекти багатьох законів, які розглядає Конгрес, готуються за ініціативою виконавчої влади. У своїх щорічних та спеціальних посланнях до Конгресу президент може пропонувати ті законодавчі акти, які йому видаються необхідними. Якщо Конгрес оголосить перерву у своїх засіданнях, так і не розглянувши ці пропозиції, президент має право скликати спеціальну сесію Конгресу. Та й поза цими офіційними повноваженнями президент як голова політичної партії і головний урядовець американського уряду має змогу впливати на громадську думку, а через неї - і на законодавчий процес у Конгресі. Для покращення робочих контактів з Конгресом президенти останнім часом створили при Білому дому Комісію із зв’язків з Конгресом. Помічники президента тримають руку на пульсі будь-якої важливої законодавчої діяльності і намагаються переконати сенаторів та членів палати представників від обох партій у доцільності підтримки президентської адміністрації. VOCABULARY ENGLISH - UKRAINIAN |
ability active-duty personnel adjourn adopt amendment amplify appointment approval be drafted be empowered bill binding force of law broad powers call into carry out commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the USA confirm Congressional Liaison Office in the White House deal with draft enable e.xperience faithfully executed high-ranking officials improve incapacitated influence issue keep abreast of limit manage name |
здібність службовці дійсної військової служби призупиняти приймати (закон) поправка (до закону) посилювати, уточнювати призначення (на посаду) схвалення бути розробленим бути уповноваженим законопроект сила закону, обов’язкового до виконання широкі повноваження скликати (сесію) виконувати головнокомандуючий збройними силами США підтверджувати Комісія із зв’язків з Конгресом у Білому домі мати справу з розробляти, складати (документ) надавати можливість досвід сумлінно виконаний урядовці вищої ланки удосконалювати недієздатний вплив встановлювати (норми), надавати (повноваження) тримати руку на пульсі обмежувати керувати називати |
§3 |
national affairs | національні справи |
National Guard (the) | Національна гвардія |
native-born citizen | народжений у цій країні |
nominate | призначати |
override | долати (вето) |
pass | проходити (про законопроект) |
persuade | переконувати |
preside | головувати |
presidency | посада президента |
Presidential election | президентські вибори |
presiding | головуючий |
promotion | підвищення |
propose | пропонувати |
provide for | передбачати,забезпечувати |
provision | постанова, положення |
ratify | ратифікувати |
require | вимагати |
responsibility | відповідальність |
resumption | поновлення |
set up | засновувати |
specific | певний, специфічний |
succession | наступництво |
support | підтримка |
take care | дбати |
take over the office | перейняти посаду |
term of office | термін перебування на посаді |
try | намагатися |
vest in | надавати повноваження |
veto | накладати вето |
vote | голосувати |
UKRAINIAN - ENGLISH | |
бути розробленим | be drafted |
бути уповноваженим | be empowered |
виконувати | carry out |
вимагати | require |
відповідальність | responsibility |
вплив | influence |
встановлювати (норми) | issue |
головнокомандуючий збройними силами | commander-in-chief of the arme |
США | USA |
головувати | preside |
головуючий | presiding |
голосувати | vote |
дбати | take care |
долати (вето) | override |
досвід | experience |
забезпечувати | provide for |
законопроект | bill |
засновувати | set up |
здібність | ability |
керувати | manage |
Комісія із зв’язків 3 конгресом у Білому домі | Congressional Liaison Office in |
мати справу з | deal with |
надавати (повноваження) | issue |
надавати можливість | enable |
надавати повноваження | vest in; issue |
називати | name |
накладати вето | veto |
намагатися | try |
народжений у цій країні | native-born citizen |
наступництво | succession |
Національна гвардія | National Guard (the) |
національні справи | national affairs |
недієздатний | incapacitated |
обмежувати | limit |
певний | specific |
передбачати | provide for |
перейняти посаду | take over the office |
переконувати | persuade |
підвищення | promotion |
підтверджувати | confirm |
підтримка | support |
положення | provision |
поновлення | resumption |
поправка (до закону) | amendment |
посада президента | presidency |
посилювати | amplify |
постанова | provision |
президентські вибори | Presidential election |
призначати | nominate |
призначення (на посаду) | appointment |
призупиняти | adjourn |
приймати (закон) | adopt |
пропонувати | propose |
проходити (про законопроект) | pass |
ратифікувати | ratify |
розробляти (документ) | draft |
сііла. закону, обов’язкового до виконання | binding force of law |
складати (документ) | draft |
скликати (сесію) | call into |
службовці дійсної військової служби | active-duty personnel |
специфічний | specific |
сумлінно виконаний | faithfully executed |
схвалення | approval |
термін перебування на посаді | term of office |
тримати руку на пульсі | keep abreast of |
>‘Лосконалювати | improve |
урядовці вищої ланки | high-ranking officials |
уточнювати | amplify |
широкі повноваження | broad powers |
|
PART IB. THE BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT |
1. Work in pairs. Match the words and word combinations in column A with their definitions in column B and their translation in column C. |
1. enforcement 2. administer (law) 3. department 4. affairs 5. area 6. council 7. adviser 8. staff organization 9. staff 10. trade 11. qualification 12. provision 13. discharge (duties) 14. assistance 15. rely (up)on 16. activities 17. ignore 18. retain 19. direct (v) 20. concern |
B A. consultant B. help C. commerce D. requirement E. keep F. special committee G. guide (v) H. clause I. depend (on) J. exercise (law) K. pay no attention to L. relations M. actions N. committee O. field P. interest Q. making people obey the law R. fulfill (duties) S. employees T. Ministry |
I. справи II. пункт (угоди тощо) ііі. ігнорувати IV. штатні працівники V. допомога VI. скеровувати vii. покладатися (па) viii. зберігати ix. торгівля X. діяльність xi. правозастосування xii. комітет; рада xiii. інтерес XIV. міністерство XV.галузь XVI. радник xvii. кваліфікація хуііі. профільниіі підрозділ хіх. відправляти (правосуддя) XX. виконувати (обов’язки) |
2. In the sentences below substitute the italicized elements with the words and word combinations from column A in exercise 1. 1. The US government consists of various Ministries whose main responsibility is to deal with all fields of national and international relations, including the problems of exercising federal laws and making people obey them, and special committees. 2. The president’s consultant committee, which is called the ‘Cabinet’, though the Constitution does not have any clauses about it or about the requirements to its members, includes heads of the main departments. 3. |
The cabinet gives help to the president in fulfilling his duties, and some presidents seriously depended on such help, especially in such areas as finance and commerce, while others paid no attention to it. 4. The White House employees are part of the Executive Office of the President. 5. In any case all cabinet members keep their responsibility for guiding the government actions in specific areas of interest. 3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following: What do you know about the US government? What does it consist of? How many structural components does it have? Who is the head of the US government? Who helps him or her? 4. Work in pairs. Read the text and fill in the chart and the gaps in the sentences below. The day-today enforcement and administration of federal laws is in the hands of the various executive departments, created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. The heads of the 14 departments, chosen by the president and approved by the Senate, form a council of advisers generally known as the president’s “cabinet”. In addition to departments, there is a number of staff organizations grouped into the Executive Office of the President. These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Constitution makes no provision for a presidential cabinet. It does provide that the president may ask opinions, in writing, from the principal officer in each of the executive departments on any subject in their area of responsibility, but it does not name the departments or describe their duties. Similarly, there are no specific constitutional qualifications for service in the cabinet. The cabinet developed outside the Constitution as a practical necessity, for even in the days of George Washington, the country’s first president, it was impossible for the president to discharge his duties without advice and assistance. Cabinets are what any particular president makes them. Some presidents have relied heavily on them for advice, others lightly, and some few have largely ignored them. Whether or not cabinet members act as advisers, they retain responsibility for directing the activities of the government in specific areas of concern. |
Executive branch President |
Executive Office of tlie'Pr^ident STAFF ORGANIZATIONS |
staff Council |
Office of________________________________ Council of_______________________________ Office of the______________________________ Office of__________________________ Policy EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS |
CARINET heads of |
The functions of the executive departments are: The functions of the White House staff are: |
The functions of the National Security Council are:_____________ The functions of the Office of Management and Budget are: The functions of the Council of Economic Advisers are: |
The functions of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative are: _ The functions of the Office of Science and Teclinology Policy are: The functions of the Cabinet are: |
5. Listen to the text on the US Department of State and fill in the gaps in the sentences DEPARTMENT OF STATE The Department of State advises the_____________________ (1), who has overall ____________ (2) for formulating and executing the foreign_____________ (3) of the United States. The_________________ (4) assesses American overseas _____________________ (5), makes recommendations on policy and future__________________ (6), and takes necessary steps to _______________ (7) the established policy. It maintains contracts and ________________ (8) between the United States and ______________ (9) countries, advises the president on recognition of new foreign countries and________________ (10), negotiates treaties and_______________ (11) with foreign_____________ (12), and speaks for the United________________ (13) in the United Nations and in other major________________ (14) organizations. The department maintains more than 250 _____________ (15) and consular posts around the ___________________ (16). In 1999, the Department of State integrated the U.S. Arms________________ (17) and Disarmament_______________ (18) and the U.S._____________ (19) Agency into its_____________ (20) and mission. 6. In the text below, find the synonyms to the words in the box. Use the Vocabulary Section if you need it. |
keep in good condition recormaissance overflow Military Minister unit abroad non-military agreement battle carry out faraway extra command satisfy head office in connection with crisis usage obligations safety study |
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE With its headquarters in the Pentagon, one of the world’s largest office buildings, the Department of Defense is responsible for all matters relating to the nation’s military security. It provides the military forces of the United States, which consist of about 1 million men and women on active duty. They are backed, in case of emergency, by 1.5 million members of state reserve components, known as the National Guard. In addition, about 730,000 civilian employees serve in the Defense Department in such areas as research, intelligence communications, mapping, and international security affairs. The National Security Agency, which coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized intelligence activities in support of U.S. government activities, also comes under the direction of the Secretary of Defense. The department directs the separately organized military departments of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, as well as the four military service academies and the National War College, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and several specialized combat commands. The Department of Defense maintains forces overseas to meet treaty commitments, to protect the nation's outlying territories and commerce, and to provide air combat and support forces. Non-military responsibilities include flood control, development of oceanographic resources, and management of oil reserves. 7. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. Use the material of the texts in exercises 5 and 6. The Department of State • advises |
assesses |
• makes recommendations on • takes necessary steps to_______ |
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