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Part 2.Who produces and presents a show?

Other than the performers and artists, a large, highly-skilled team is needed to produce and present a show. Most are never seen by the audience.

(1) ____________

He or she is responsible for finding the money to finance a show and managing the financial risks. He or she will also source the performers and the team who will create and put on the show. If a theatre is not producing its own show, then an independent producer or production company will be responsible.

(2)____________

He or she develops the artistic vision of a production and often the overall programme to be presented by the theatre. If they work for a producing theatre or a production company they will direct productions. Once the production opens or goes on tour, the director passes their instructions to the stage manager or deputy who writes ‘the book’. This is the full script along with the prompts and cues for the performers as well as lighting, sound and scene changes and any last-minute changes or revisions.

(3)____________

They direct the performances of each show – a stage manager (SM), a deputy stage manager (DSM) and one or more assistant stage managers (ASM). The SM has overall responsibility for the stage in performance. The DSM will sit in the prompt corner, usually to Stage Left. From there they co-ordinate all aspects of the show by following ‘the book’, including sound, lighting and all scene changes using headsets and cuelights. They also make the ‘calls’, summoning the actors from the dressing rooms or the green room to the stage using a ‘tannoy’ or backstage public address system. Announcements are made thirty minutes, fifteen minutes and then five minutes before ‘curtain up’. The DSM also calls the audience into the auditorium by the ‘front of house’ public address system at the beginning of a show and at the end of the interval. The ASMs will usually run the ‘wings’ backstage – setting props and performing scene changes.

(4)____________

He or she is responsible for all aspects of the staff’s welfare, including dealing with pay. They travel with the touring company. They are the most senior member of management backstage during a performance and are the connecting person between performance staff and the producers’ office. They will usually have a temporary office close to the green room.

(5) ____________

The production manager is responsible for co-ordinating all the technical and staging requirements of a production. Some theatres have their own production or technical managers who work with the creative team responsible for the sets, props, costume, lighting and audio-visual media. They will also work with the artistic director, the musical director, the choreographer and the engineering team who design and deliver the creative team’s vision.

(6)____________

This team manages all technical aspects of a show, including the safe and effective use of equipment. Technical staff include lighting and sound operators and crew responsible for special effects such as smoke and pyrotechnics. Some work during the night when setting up performances.

(7)____________

They operate the scenery from high ramped walkways above the stage called fly floors. The scenery is ‘flown’ in using a counterweight or power-flying system, but when labour was cheap, it was operated manually by teams of men using ropes made of hemp. These were known as ‘hemp houses’. Some older theatres still are ‘hemp-houses’ or have a mixture of hemp, counterweights and power-flying.

(8)____________

They provide the music for musicals, opera, ballet and pantomime. A few theatres still have a resident orchestra, although they may only be needed on a casual basis. Most special concerts and musical productions will bring their own orchestra.

(9)____________

They are also known as stage hands and are responsible for shifting props and free-standing scenery during the show. They also operate moving stage machinery, including bridges, lifts, revolving platforms, trapdoors, trucks and wagons. Many are employed on a casual basis for specific shows.

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