Artificial Intelligence. Is it Possible?

Some computer specialists claim that it is impossible to develop artifi­cial intelligence in principle. The human brain is a very sophisticated system composed of billions of interconnected cells. Each cell is extremely complex in itself. A rather plausible hypothesis says thatan individual cell processes the signals penetrating it like a computer. Therefore, even the most sophisticated machine we may imagine, cannot even be compared to the human brain. There is one other problem that prevents an answer in the affirmative, namely (viz.), the decade-old discovery that the two hemispheres of the human brain have different functions. Each hemi­sphere has its own, absolutely different method of thinking. One hemi­sphere thinks logically, the other – in images. Our thinking is based on two types of perception of the world around us – the sensual – subconscious and the conscious. What a human being is conscious of and can, there­fore, express in words, constitutes only a small part of the work done by the brain.

It is impossible to observe thinking processes directly. We can only judge them indirectly, studying how information delivered to the brain is transformed. That is why so little is known about what is going on in the "imaginative" hemisphere. Without that it is impossible to develop an intelligence even vaguely resembling the brain. The world of feelings, dis­tress or emotions, which are of such importance to human thinking and behaviour, is as yet inaccessible to us. A machine, in general, cannot think either logically or figuratively. That is a function innate only in live, high­ly-organized matter. Still, there are people including some well-known scientists, who believe that artificial intelligence will not only be devel­oped but will exceed human intelligence in power. They even set the time limit for this – the early decade of the 21^st century. Others try to assure that artificial intelligence has already been created. "It is the reality nowadays," they claim.

The modeling of creative processes gave birth to the term "artificial intel­ligence". But that does not mean that the computers possess it. The "intel­ligence" has been "packaged" in it by an expert who developed the program for solving some practical creative problem. Man differs from the machine in that he does not simply fulfill the programs stored in his memory but also develops them himself, depending on the goals facing him. One of the trends in "artificial intelligence" now being intensively developed is to design "thinking robots" capable of a certain amount of independent activities. Enthusiasts expect such machines to appear any moment now. But we should hope this to happen in the near future. Robots will continue to work for a long time as yet in conditions where man has to step in and take con­trol of certain stages.

to claim	вимагати; претендувати; заявляти
artificial intelligence	штучний інтелект
brain	головний мозок
sophisticated	складний, ускладнений
interconnected cells	взаємопов’язані клітини
plausible	правдоподібний, вірогідний
to penetrate	проникати всередину; проходити скрізь; пронизувати
therefore	тому, отже
imagine	уявляти, припускати
to compare	порівнювати, уподібнювати
to prevent	запобігати, попереджати
affirmative	твердження, заява
namely *viz. (лат. videlicet)	саме, тобто *а саме
discovery	відкриття
hemisphere	півкуля; півкуля головного мозку
thinking	мислячий, розумний; роздум, думка; погляди, концепції, мислення
perception	сприйняття, відчуття, усвідомлення, розуміння
sensual	чуттєвий
subconscious	підсвідомий
conscious	свідомий
human being	людина
constitute	складати, засновувати, призначати
to observe	спостерігати, помічати, вести наукові спостереження
to judge	вирішувати, оцінювати, судити, рахувати, вважати
to deliver	передавати
vaguely	невизначено
resemble	нагадувати
distress	горе, страждання, нещастя
behaviour (behavior)	поведінка
inaccessible	недоступний, недосяжний
innate	природний, природжений
matter	матерія, речовина
exceed	перевищувати, переходити межі
power	здатність; сила; потужність, енергія
to assure	запевняти, завіряти
to create	творити, створювати
to fulfill	виконувати, здійснювати
trend	загальний напрям, тенденція
certain	визначений, певний
stage	фаза, стадія, період, етап
to step in	увійти, включитися в справу

Дата добавления: 2015-10-02