Lexical exercises

Exercise 1. Make adjectives from the following nouns. What suffix did you use?

the North –

the South –

the West –

the East –

Exercise 2. Find the word, which doesn’t suit the others.

a) Russia, France, North America, the Federal Republic of Germany, Poland;

b) Nizhni Novgorod, Moscow, Kazan, Yaroslavl, Europe;

c) the Baikal, the Lena, the Ob, the Volga, the Don.

Exercise 3. Form word combinations (adj. + noun).

vast position

temperate climate

deep zone

climatic territory

natural country

mountain lake

multinational chain

geographical structure

political resources

Exercise 4. Make up pairs of antonyms.

deep, high, rich, to separate, far, wide, cold, damp, long, vast

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poor, dry, near, short, shallow, to join, small, low, narrow, warm

Exercise 5. Use suitable degrees of comparison.

1) Russia is one of the (large) countries in the world.

2) The (great) rivers are the Volga, the Lena, the Yenissey.

3) Among the lakes the (deep) one is Lake Baikal.

4) The arctic and the subarctic zones have the (cold) climate.

5) The subtropical climate is much (warm) than others.

6) Russia has (large) reserves of oil, gas and metals.

7) There is usually (much) snow in winter in our zone, the summer is (warm) and (sunny).

Exercise 6. Insert correct prepositions where necessary.

1) to cover … forests

2) to border … many countries

3) to be situated … Europe

4) to have … continental climate

5) to live … a temperate zone

6) to develop … industry

7) to be rich … natural resources

8) to be washed … many rivers and lakes

9) to consist … several parts

Exercise 7. Insert articles where necessary.

1) Russia lies in … eastern part of Europe and in … northern part of Asia.

2) It is one of … largest countries in the world.

3) There are … three main mountain chains in Russia.

4) … history of Russia dates back to the year 862.

5) Now Russia is … Presidential Republic.

Exercise 8. Translate Russian words and word combinations into English.

1) Russia (граничит) fourteen countries.

2) It is one of (самых больших) countries in the world.

3) (Многочисленные) canals join all the rivers in the European part of Russia.

4) The northern and eastern coasts of Russia (омываются) by the White Sea, by the Barents Sea and by the Okhotsk Sea.

5) Russia (расположена) on two plains.

Exercise 9. Translate into English.

1. Россия расположена в восточной части Европы и в северной части Азии. 2. Байкал – это самое глубокое озеро в мире. 3. Россия граничит с четырнадцатью странами. 4. Страна богата природными ресурсами. 5. Россия омывается тремя океанами и тринадцатью морями. 6. Волга впадает в Каспийское море. 7. Самые длинные реки – это Волга, Лена и Енисей. 8. Мы живем в умеренной климатической зоне. 9. Россия расположена на двух равнинах. 10. Урал, самая длинная горная цепь, отделяет Европу от Азии.

Text 1

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

RUSSIA

Russia is the largest country in the world. It covers half of Europe and a third of Asia. It is situated in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It borders on different countries. These countries there are Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, the Korean People’s Democratic Republic, Japan, the USA with which we have only water frontier.

Russia is washed by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Pacific Ocean in the east. Then there is the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Azov Sea in the south. There is the Baltic Sea in the west.

The land of Russia varies a lot from heavy forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. Russia is located on two plains. They are: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Plain.

There are three main mountain chains in Russia. The Urals, the longest mountain chain, separates Europe from Asia but this barrier is quite artificial. There are several other mountain chains in Russia. They are the Altai, the Sayans and the Caucasus

On the territory of Russia there are a lot of rivers. Among the greatest are the Volga, the Don, the Lena, the Yenissei, the Amur. The broad Volga River system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia. It became the cradle of such ancient towns as Vladimir, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kazan, Nizhni Novgorod.

Among the lakes the deepest one is the Baikal, which contains about 20% (per cent) of the world’s fresh water supply. Numerous canals join all the rivers in the European part of Russia, making it the largest inland water transportation route in Europe.

On the vast territory of Russia there are 4 climatic zones. They are the arctic, the subarctic, the temperate and the subtropical zones. The arctic and the subarctic zones have the coldest climate. The subtropical zone is the warmest. We live in the temperate zone. The climate is moderate. In our zone we have four seasons which differ in weather greatly. The winter lasts about 4 months. There is usually much snow in winter. Summer is warm and sunny.

The European part of Russia is densely populated. There are a lot of cities, towns and villages there.

Russia is rich in natural resources. It has large reserves of oil, natural gas, copper, lead and other minerals.

Most of them are situated in Asian part of Russia, in Siberia.

The history of Russia dates back to the year 862. Now Russia is a Presidential Republic.

Russia has always played an important role in the world. It is one of its leading Powers.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct variant. Use your own knowledge about geography of Russia if necessary.

1. There are Baltic countries, Byelorussia and Ukraine in the (east, west, north, south) of Russia.

2. There is Georgia, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia and Ossetia in the (east, west, north, south) of Russia.

3. There is Japan and the USA in the (east, west, north, south) of Russia.

4. There is Arctic in the (east, west, north, south) of Russia.

5. There is the Pacific ocean in the (east, west, north, south) of Russia.

6. The Altai is in (European, Asian) part of Russia.

7. The Caucasus is in (European, Asian) part of Russia.

8. The Volga, the Don and the Desna are in (European, Asian) part of Russia.

9. The Lena, the Amur, the Kolyma and the Tom are in (European, Asian) part of Russia.

10. Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega and Lake Seliger are in (European, Asian) part of Russia.

11. Moscow is in (the arctic, the subarctic, the temperate and the subtropical) zone.

12. Sochi is in (the arctic, the subarctic, the temperate and the subtropical) zone.

13. Murmansk is in (the arctic, the subarctic, the temperate and the subtropical) zone.

Exercise 3. Correct the following statements. Use suitable patterns of disagreement.

1. Russia covers half of Europe and a fourth of Asia.
2. Russia borders on Georgia, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, Ossetia and Armenia in the Caucasus.
3. Russia is washed by three oceans and two seas.
4. The landscape of Russia is the same everywhere.
5. There are no mountain chains in Russia.
6. The broad Oka River system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia.
7. Lake Baikal contains 50% of the world’s fresh water supply.
8. The climatic zones on the territory of Russia are arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical and tropical.

There are little deposits of mineral resources on the territory of Russia.

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