Future Perfect future Perfect

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PROGRESSIVE

Tom will already havestudied Tom will have been studying

Chapter Four before he studies for two hours by the time his

Chapter Five. roommate gets home.

VERBS IN THE PASSIVE FORM*

Simple Progressive Perfect

Present Moscow is visitedby millions of people every year. I wake up early now. A big house is being built just in front of my window, and they start working at 5 a.m. I’ve got good news. We are moving soon. Our new house has already been built.

Past Some researchers think that Moscow was founded much earlier than in the 12^th century When we were here last month, this house was being built, remember? Look, now it’s ready! We applied to that building company because it had a good reputation – lots of beautiful had already been built by them.

Future The newspapers say that several sports centers will be built in our city. Don’t call me tomorrow at 3 p.m. I will be watching TV as a new plan of the reconstruction the city will be being discussed. I don’t have a lot of opportunities to do sports now. But I hope that a big sports center with a swimming pool will have been built not far from my house by the end of this year.

* Passive voice doesn’t use Perfect Progressive tense.

MODAL VERB MEANING EXAMPLE

CAN 1) физическая и умственная способность 2) возможность 3) разрешение 4) в отрицаниях – запрете (“нельзя”) 5) просьба I can swim quite well. Everyone can make a mistake. Can I go home? You can’t cross the street here! Can I have some juice?

MAY 1) разрешение 2) возможность (также might) You may go now. I may/might become a doctor.

MUST 1) долженствование, исходящее от говорящего 2) в отрицаниях – запрете (строже, чем с can) You must do it right now. Cars mustn’t be parked here.

SHOULD/ OUGHN TO 1) совет (следует, стоит) 2) моральное обязательство 3) с Perfect Inf. (have done) – упрек You shouldn’t eat so many sweets. Children ought to help their parents. You should have called me.

NEED 1) необходимость (как модальный – только в отрицательных предложениях) You needn’t do it right now.

SHALL 1) предложение 2) намерения Shall we begin? He shall come to the party.

WILL/ WOULD 1) желание, намерения 2) просьба, предложение 3) в отрицаниях – настойчивое сопротивление (“никак не”) I will/ would lend you some money. Will/ would you help me? The door won’t/wouldn’t open.

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	Simple	Progressive	Perfect
Present	Moscow is visitedby millions of people every year.	I wake up early now. A big house is being built just in front of my window, and they start working at 5 a.m.	I’ve got good news. We are moving soon. Our new house has already been built.
Past	Some researchers think that Moscow was founded much earlier than in the 12^th century	When we were here last month, this house was being built, remember? Look, now it’s ready!	We applied to that building company because it had a good reputation – lots of beautiful had already been built by them.
Future	The newspapers say that several sports centers will be built in our city.	Don’t call me tomorrow at 3 p.m. I will be watching TV as a new plan of the reconstruction the city will be being discussed.	I don’t have a lot of opportunities to do sports now. But I hope that a big sports center with a swimming pool will have been built not far from my house by the end of this year.

MODAL VERB	MEANING	EXAMPLE
CAN	1) физическая и умственная способность 2) возможность 3) разрешение 4) в отрицаниях – запрете (“нельзя”) 5) просьба	I can swim quite well. Everyone can make a mistake. Can I go home? You can’t cross the street here! Can I have some juice?
MAY	1) разрешение 2) возможность (также might)	You may go now. I may/might become a doctor.
MUST	1) долженствование, исходящее от говорящего 2) в отрицаниях – запрете (строже, чем с can)	You must do it right now. Cars mustn’t be parked here.
SHOULD/ OUGHN TO	1) совет (следует, стоит) 2) моральное обязательство 3) с Perfect Inf. (have done) – упрек	You shouldn’t eat so many sweets. Children ought to help their parents. You should have called me.
NEED	1) необходимость (как модальный – только в отрицательных предложениях)	You needn’t do it right now.
SHALL	1) предложение 2) намерения	Shall we begin? He shall come to the party.
WILL/ WOULD	1) желание, намерения 2) просьба, предложение 3) в отрицаниях – настойчивое сопротивление (“никак не”)	I will/ would lend you some money. Will/ would you help me? The door won’t/wouldn’t open.