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Revolutionary Age

Colonial Period

William Bradford
John Winthrop
Cotton Mather
Benjamin Franklin
Anne Bradstreet

 

Revolutionary Age

Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
Thomas Paine

1775 - 1865: Early National Period


James Fenimore Cooper - 1789 - 1851


Edgar Allan Poe
William Cullen Bryant
Harriet Jacobs


Slave narratives:

Olaudah Equiano

Phillis Wheatley – (1753? - 1784)

 

 

Frederick Douglass - (1818 - 1895)

 

Sojourner Truth - (1797 - 1883)

 

Paul Laurence Dunbar

 

 

1828 - 1865: Romantic Period in America (American Renaissance or Age of Transcendentalism)


Ralph Waldo Emerson - 1803 - 1832


Henry David Thoreau - 1817 - 1862


Edgar Allan Poe - 1809 - 1849


Herman Mellville - 1819 - 1891


Washington Irving - 1783 - 1859


Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1804 - 1864


Harriet Beecher Stowe
John Greenleaf Whittier
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Walt Whitman

American Romanticism stems from the English Romantic poets, such as Coleridge, Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, Byron, and Blake.

The major themes of American Romanticism are:

 

Established principally by Ralph Waldo Emerson in his book Nature (1836)

Principles of Transcendentalism:

 

1865 - 1914: Realistic Period - Naturalistic Period


Mark Twain - (Samuel L. Clemens): 1835 - 1910


William Dean Howells - 1837 - 1920


Henry James - 1843 - 1916


Bret Harte
Sarah Orne Jewett
Stephen Crane - 1871 - 1900


Ezra Pound
Emily Dickinson
Frank Norris - 1870 - 1902


Jack London - 1876 - 1916


Theodore Dreiser

The dominant literary style of prose fiction from 1865 to 1900 departs from the nostalgic and idealized life of the Romantics.

The major themes of American Realism are:

Often included within Realism and Naturalism to indicate literature that is regional in narration and/or dialect. Regional writing is not necessarily associated with a historical period, and extends to present day as a style of fiction.

Characteristics of Regionalism:

 

An offshoot of Realism, Naturalism shares some of its principles.

Principles of Naturalism:

 

 

1914 - 1939: Modern Period - Jazz Age - Harlem Renaissance


Edgar Lee Masters
Ezra Pound
Edwin Arlington Robinson
William Carlos Williams
Robert Frost
Carl Sandburg
Wallace Stevens
Robinson Jeffers
Marianne Moore
T.S. Eliot
Edna St. Vincent Millay
E.E. Cummings
Amy Lowell
H.D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Edith Wharton
Sinclair Lewis
Willa Cather
Gertrude Stein
Sherwood Anderson
John Dos Passos
F. Scott Fitzgerald (jazz age) - (1896 - 1940)


William Faulkner - (1897 - 1962)


Ernest Hemingway - (1899 - 1961)


Thomas Wolfe - (1900 - 1938)


John Steinbeck - (1902 - 1968)


Eugene O'Neill
H.L. Mencken

Harlem Renaissance:


Langston Hughes
Countee Cullen
Jean Toomer
W.E.B. DuBois
James Baldwin - (1924 - 1987)


Etc.

Modernism was an international literary/art movement lasting from the turn of the century to around 1950. The movement involves a rejection of tradition and a hostile attitude toward the immediate past.

The major characteristics of Modernism are:

 

Post-Modernism challenged the philosophy of art and literature since about the 1960s.

Characteristics of Post-Modernism:

 

 

1939 -: Contemporary Period

Vladimir Nabokov
Eudora Welty
Robert Penn Warren
Bernard Malamud
Saul Bellow
Norman Mailer
John Updike
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
Thomas Pynchon
John Barth
E.L. Doctorow
Marianne Moore
Theodore Roethke
Elizabeth Bishop
Robert Lowell
Allen Ginsberg (Beat Generation)
Adrienne Rich
Sylvia Plath
Thornton Wilder
Arthur Miller
Tennessee Williams
Edward Albee
African American writers:
Ralph Ellison
Zora Neal Hurston
Alice Walker
James Baldwin
Richard Wright
Gwendolyn Brooks
LeRoi Jones (Imamu Amiri Baraka)
Toni Morrison
Etc.

Contemporary: Cultural Diversity in American Literature: Post - 1945

Literature began to deal with political and social issues. With the women's liberation movement of the 1970s, criticism came from feminit, gay, African-American, Native-American, an Marxist cultures and philosophies.

 


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