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UNIT 2
| Topic: Investigation. | |
| Grammar: Complext Subject. Complex Object. |
INVESTIGATION
A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to accomplish a threefold aim: to identify and locate the guilty party and to present evidence of his guilt.
The investigation process includes information, interrogation and instrumentation. By applying them in varying proportions the investigator gathers the facts which are necessary to establish the guilt of the accused in a criminal trial.
Most crimes can be solved. The investigation will be considered successful if the available physical evidence was completely handled, the witnesses intelligently interviewed, the suspect effectively interrogated, all logical leads properly developed, and the case comprehensively, clearly, and accurately reported.
Information means the knowledge which the investigator gathers from other persons. The first type of information is acquired from regular sources such as conscientious citizens, company records, and the files of other agencies. The second type is the knowledge which the experienced investigator gathers from cultivated sources such as paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers, former criminals or acquaintances.
Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses as well as suspects. The success of interrogation depends on the craft, logic and psychological insight with which the investigator questions a person who is in possession of information relevant to the case.
Instrumentation means application of the instruments and methods of the physical sciences to the detection of crime. Physics, for example, offers such aids as microscopy, photography, and the optical methods of analysis. The role of chemistry is well known. Biology and pathology are particularly important in crimes of physical violence. The sum of these sciences insofar as they are applied to crime detection is called criminalistics. Their utility is associated with physical evidence.
The investigation may be divided into three phases: 1) the criminal is identified; 2) he is traced and located; and 3) the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation.
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| Ex. 10. Answer the following questions. | | | Ex. 6. Answer the following questions. |