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Main Theoretical Concepts:
Syllable - is one or more speech sounds forming a single uninterrupted unit of utterance which may be a whole word, e.g. lamp; or a part of it, e.g. second.
1. In English the syllable is formed:
a) by any vowel (a monophthong or a diphthong) alone or in combination with one or more consonants e.g. are [a:] = vowel (+ consonant)
b) by a word - final sonorant (lateral or nasal) immediately preceded by a consonant e.g. bottle = bo - ttle [bo-tl] - consonant + sonorant. But if sonorants in word - final position are preceded by a vowel sound they are not syllabic
syllabicnon - syllabic
sadden sand
doesn't don't
2. [w, j] are never syllabic, they are always syllable initial.
The syllabic consonants are [n, l]. There are few words with the syllabic [m]. The syllabic [n] occurs as a result of progressive assimilation of the forelingual consonant [ n] to the preceding back lingual consonant [k, g] e.g. [beI - kэn] → [beI - kn]
3. Many English words are pronounced with a neutral vowel before the final sonorant. The sonorant becomes non – syllabic e.g. radical [ræ-dIkl] or [ræ-dI-kэl]
4. Many English words are spelt with a vowel letter before the final sonorant and have only one pronunciation with a syllabic final consonant e.g. garden [ga:dn], season [si:zn]
5. The sonorant [n] is always syllabic in the contracted negative forms of auxiliary and modal verbs
E.g. isn't couldn't mightn't
wasn't hasn't oughtn't
haven't wouldn't
6. The sound may lose their syllabic character when they occur in the middle of a word before a vowel belonging to a suffix
7. syllabicnon - syllabic
listen [li-sn] listening [lis-nin]
drizzle [dri-zl] drizzling [driz-lin]
8. Every syllable has a definite structure of form depending on the kind of speech sound it ends in.
There are two types of syllable distinguished from this point of view.
a) a syllable which ends in a vowel sound (an open syllable)
b) a syllable which ends in a consonant sound (a closed syllable)
Practical Tasks:
Sound [eı]
No pains no gains.
To call a spade a spade.
Graphic equivalents of the sound [eı]
[eı] is pronounced when spelt
a take [teık]
ai wait [weıt]
ay say [seı]
ei vein [veın]
ey they [ðeı]
ea great [greıt]
Divide the words into syllables: needless, Britain, huddle, possibly, suppose, boundary, temporary, reasonable, parliament.
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