Text 2. Software Engineering

Part 2

Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. It encompasses techniques and procedures, often regulated by a software development process, with the purpose of improving the reliability and maintainability of software systems. The effort is necessitated by the potential complexity of those systems, which may contain millions of lines of code. The discipline of software engineering includes knowledge, tools, and methods for software requirements, software design, software construction, software testing, and software maintenance tasks. Software engineering is related to the disciplines of computer science, computer engineering, management, mathematics, project management, quality management, software ergonomics, and systems engineering.

The term software engineering first appeared in the 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference. Since then, it has continued as a profession and field of study dedicated to creating software that is of higher quality and quicker to build. Since the field is still relatively young compared to its sister fields of engineering, there is still much debate around what software engineering actually is, and if it conforms to the classical definition of engineering. It has grown organically out of the limitations of viewing software as just programming. "Software development" is a much used term in industry which is more generic and does not necessarily subsume the engineering paradigm.

Due to its relative newness as a field of study, formal education in software engineering is often taught as part of a computer science curriculum, and as a result most software engineers hold computer science degrees. The term software engineer is used very liberally in the corporate world. Very few of the practicing software engineers actually hold engineering degrees from accredited universities having degrees in computer science instead.

Exercise 24. Answer the following questions.

1. What is software engineering?

2. SE encompasses techniques and process, does not it?

3. For what is the effort necessitated?

4. What does the discipline of software engineering include?

5. What is related to the disciplines of computer science, computer engineering, management etc?

6. When did the term software engineering first appear?

7. What is the difference between the terms “software development” and “software engineer”?

Exercise 25. Find grammar mistakes and correct them. Give translation these sentences in writing form.

1. Computer applications software engineers analyzes users' needs and design, construct, and maintain general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. 2. This workers use different programming language, depending on the purpose of the program. 3. The programming languages most often used is C, C++, and Java, with Fortran and COBOL used less commonly. 4. Some software engineer develops both packaged systems and systems software or create customized applications. 5. Computer systems software engineers coordinates the construction and maintenance of a company's computer systems and plans their future growth. 6. Working with the company, they coordinate each department's computer need – ordering, inventory, billing, and payroll recordkeeping, e.g., and makes suggestions about it`s technical direction. 7. They also might to set up the company's intranets – networks that links a computers within the organization and ease communication among the various department. 8. Systems software engineers work for companies that configure, implement, and installed complete computer systems. 9. These worker may to been a members of the marketing or sales staff, serving as the primary technical resource for sales workers and customers.10. They also may be involve in product sales and in providing its customers with continuing technical support. 11. Since the selling of complex computer systems often require substantial customization for the purchaser's organization, software engineers helps to explain the requirements necessary for installing and operating the new system in the purchaser's computing environment. 12. In addition, a systems software engineers are responsible for ensuring security across a systems they are configuring.

Exercise 26. Be ready to the dictation (based on ex.11, 22).

Exercise 27. Be ready to retell the text (ex.23).

Exercise 28. Memorize the following words and word combinations.

validation – підтвердження правильності, перевірка достовірності

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) – система автоматизованої розробки програм, CASE-технологія

enhancement – покращення, підсилення, розширення, модернізація

versioning = source control – контроль версій, керування версіями

borrow – позичати, запозичувати

nuance – нюанс, відтінок

encounter – стикатися з, несподівано наштовхуватися на

agile paradigm – гнучка парадигма

waterfall paradigm – водоспадна парадигма

deal with – мати справу з

decade - десятиріччя

Exercise 29. Read and translate the text.

Text 3. Sub-disciplines in Software Engineering

Software engineering can be divided into ten sub-disciplines. They are:

1. Software requirements. The analysis, specification, and validation of requirements for software.

2. Software design. The design of software is usually done with Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools and use standards for the format, such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

3. Software development. The construction of software through the use of programming languages.

4. Software testing.

5. Software maintenance. Software systems often have problems and need enhancements for a long time after they are first completed. This subfield deals with those problems.

6. Software configuration management. Since software systems are very complex, their configuration (such as versioning and source control) has to be managed in a standardized and structured method.

7. Software engineering management. The management of software systems borrows heavily from project management, but there are nuances encountered in software not seen in other management disciplines.

8. Software development process. The process of building software is hotly debated among practitioners with the main paradigms being agile or waterfall.

9. Software engineering tools. See Computer Aided Software Engineering

10. Software quality.

Software engineering is related to the disciplines of computer science, project management, and systems engineering. Software engineering is considered to be a subfield of computer science by many academics. Many of the foundations of software engineering come from computer science. The building of a software system is usually considered as a project. Its management borrows many principles from the field of project management. Systems engineers have been dealing with the complexity of large systems for many decades and their knowledge is applied to many software engineering problems.

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