B: Yes, I … . It was fun!

A: Did you … (go) to the movies last weekend?

B: No, I …. I was too busy.

A: Did you … (take) a vacation last year?

B: Yes, I …. I went skiing.

A: Have you … (take) a vacation this year?

B: No, I …. Not yet.

A: Have you ever … (try) Mexican food?

B: Yes, I …. It’s delicious!

A: Did you … (do) the homework yesterday?

B: No, I …. Can I look at yours?

3. Complete the sentences by using the present perfect.

1) I (meet) I’ve (I have) met Ann’s husband. I met him at the party last week.

2) I (finish) … my work. I finished it two hours ago.

3) Ms. Parker travels to Washington D.C. often. She (fly) … there many times.

4) Bob and Jane are old friends. They (know) … each other for a long time.

5) I don’t like this weather. It (be) … cold and cloudy for the last three days.

6) Your English is getting better. You (learn) … a lot of English since you came.

7) My wife and I came here two months ago. We (be) … in this city for two months.

8) Tom can go to bed now. He (finish) … his homework.

4. Complete the sentences by using the present perfect.

I (write, not) I haven’t written my sister a letter for a long time. I should write her soon.

2) I (write, not) … a letter to the President of the USA.

3) He (finish, not) Greg is working on his composition, but … it yet.

4) I (meet, never) … Nancy’s parents. I hope I get the chance to meet them soon.

5) I (call, not) … Irene yet. I’ll call her tomorrow.

5. Complete the sentences by using the present perfect or past simple.

1. A: Have you ever been in Europe?

B: Yes, …. I (be) … in Europe several times. In fact, I (be) … in Europe last year.

2. A: Have you ever eaten at Al’s Steak House?

B: Yes, I …. I (eat) … there many times. In fact, I my wife and I (eat) … there last night.

3. A: Have you ever talked to Professor Alston about your grades?

B: Yes, I …. I (talk) … to him about my grades a couple of times. In fact, I (talk) … to him after class yesterday about the F I got on the last test.

4. A: What European countries (you, visit) …?

B: I (visit) … France, Germany and Switzerland in 1984.

5. Carol and I are old friends. I (know) … her since I (be) … a freshman in high school.

6. Maria (have) … a lot of problems since she (come) … to the USA.

7. Since the semester (began) … we (have) … four tests.

8. My mother (be, not) … in school since she (graduate) … from college in 1958.

9. My name is Surasuk Green. I’m from Thailand. Right now I’m studying English at this school. I (be) … at this school since the beginning of January. I (arrive) … here January 2, and my classes (began) … January 6. Since I (come) … here, I (do) … many things, and I (meet) … many people. I (go) … to several parties. Last Saturday, I (go) … to a party at my friend’s house. I (meet) … some of the other students from Thailand at the party. Of course, we (speak) … Thai, so I (practice, not) … my English last night. There (be) … only people from Thailand at the party. However, since I (come) … here, I (meet) … a lot of other people. I (meet) … students from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia.

6. Read and translate the text. Do not forget to write out new terms.

TEXT 7: THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Prereading Vocabulary: sole proprietor единоличный собственник, partnership товарищество, to acquire resources приобретать ресурсы, to meet desired objectives для решения поставленных задач/целей, with a view to making a profit для извлечения прибыли, public corporations открытая акционерная компания.

The main differences between the private sector and public sector of the economy are those of ownership and objectives.

Firms in the private sector have an owner or group of owners who can be identified, and their main objective is to make a profit. These businesses are run by sole proprietors or partnerships. The problems facing these private-sectors firms are basically the same whether they are large or small: a) they have to acquire resources; b) they have to organize those resources to meet desired objectives; c) they have to find a market for their products with a view to making a profit.

Businesses in the public sector have no individual owners but belong to the community as a whole. Their pursuit of profit may be tempered by a consideration for the public interest – the need to provide a service to the public and are controlled directly or indirectly by the State. Some services are provided directly by Government departments, free of direct charge to the consumers (for example, education, defense, police, postal services). Public corporations are established by legislation.

While legal or constitutional differences remain, the economic objectives of private sector and public sector are moving closely together.

7. Questions and exercises.

1. Distinguish between public and private sectors.

2. What are private-sector businesses run by?

3. What problems do private-sector businesses face?

4. Do public-sector businesses face the same problems?

5. Do you agree with the last statement in the text?

Grammar Material: Modals for necessity and suggestions.

Describing necessity	Giving suggestions
You have to get a visa.	You ’d better talk to your father.
You must take warm clothes.	You ought to go with your friend.
You don’t have to take a passport.	You should take a sleeping bag.
	You shouldn’t go by yourself.

8. Choose the correct word or words to give advice to travelers.

1) You ought (check / to check) the weather.

2) You should always (reconfirm / to reconfirm) your airline reservation.

3) You should never (leave / to leave) cash in your hotel room.

4) You ought (take / to take) traveler’s check with you.

5) You have (pay / to pay) an airport tax.

6) You should (let / to let) your family know where you contact you.

7) You’d better not (go / to go) out alone at night.

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