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Other threats -Drainage -Acidification -Eutrophication -Fragmentation -Disturbance (e.g. fires) -Afforestation (after WOII)

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b. Grazing is a commonly applied management measure in grasslands. In Western Europe this often results in an increased species richness. However, this measure is not always beneficial. Explain a situation in a nutrient poor grassland where grazing may result in a reduction in species richness (Van den Berg).

10. a. Cyanobacteria have physiological threats that make them highly successful in different aquatic environments. Give three of these and explain.

b. Explain why cyanobacteria are especially doing well under warm conditions.

 

c. Provide a way in which cyanobacteria/biomass can be reduced and explain (Kosten).

 

 

Fen restoration

 


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Higher growth of grasses due to N-availability, toxicity is much higher, dominant nitrophitic species| Classical approach theory is a school of management thought in which theorist delved into how to find the best possible way for workers to perform their task.

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