Conclusion

The style of official documents is the most conservative one. It preserves long-established forms of text structuring and is characterized through uses of complexsyntactic constructions, as well as archaic words and expressions. Making up business documents, writing official letters, expressing considerations related to the subject-matter of a document or letter – all this is strictly regulated both lexically and syntactically. The norms of this style impose considerable restrictions on the expression of emotions and different kinds of subjective modality.

Scientific style is employed in professional communication. Its most conspicuous feature is the abundance of terms that refer to objects, phenomena, processes studied in a particular branch of science or technology. Scientific style is also known for its precision, clarity and logical cohesion, which, among other things, explains the abundant use of special clichés (e.g. “Proceeding from…”; “As mentioned previously…”; “In connection with…”; “A case in point is…”; “Illustrative in this respect is…”) and other lexico-syntactic means of emphasizing logical connection and interdependence of consecutive parts in scientific discourse.

Newspaper style by definition characterizes the language of newspapers.

However, this does not mean that everything published in a newspaper should carry the features of newspaper style alone. Newspapers contain vastly varying materials, some of them being essays, some – feature articles, some – scientific reviews, some – official stock-exchange accounts and so on. This presupposes that a typical daily or weekly newspaper can offer a variety of styles. The term “newspaper style” refers to a system of linguistic means that are characteristic of newspaper publications only and that are typically not widely employed in other kinds of publications. Among characteristic features of newspaper style is the use of dates and proper names, such as names of countries, territories, institutions, individuals. The effect of objectivity and impartiality in newspapers is frequently achieved due to restrictions in the use of modal or emotive expressions. However, a paper’s or author’s stance often becomes obvious through the choice of the subject matter, as well as the choice of lexical and grammatical items employed in texts that discuss international or domestic issues.

Publicistic style is an illustrative example of the historical changeability in stylistic differentiation of discourses. For instance, in ancient Greece the style was practiced mainly in its oral form and was best known as oratorio style which helped to express viewpoints and sentiments of the addresser (orator). Nowadays political, ethical, social, religious and other beliefs of an addresser are prevailingly expressed in a written form, which was labeled publicist in accordance with the name of the corresponding genre and its practitioners. Publicistic style is famous for its pragmatic function of persuasion aimed at influencing the reader and shaping his/her views in accordance with argumentation of the author. Consequently, publicistic style finds its expression through a blend of rigorous logical reasoning aimed at reflecting some objective state of affairs and strong subjectivity pointing to the author’s personal stance towards the subject of discussion.

Belles-lettres style, or the style of imaginative literature, may be called the richest register of communication: alongside its own language means which are not used in any other sphere of communication belles-lettres style incorporates some characteristic features of other styles. Thus, in numerous works of literary art we find elements of scientific, official and other functional types of speech. On the other hand, functions of belles-lettres style are not limited to informative and/or persuasive ones. Imaginative literature has a unique task to impress the reader aesthetically. This explains a vast variety of lexical and grammatical expressive means and/or stylistic devices used in fiction.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-03