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Negawatt power refers to investment to reduce electricity consumption rather than investing to increase supply capacity. In this way investing in Negawatts can be considered as an alternative to a new power station and the costs and environmental concerns can be compared.
Negawatt investment alternatives to reduce consumption by improving efficiency include:
· Providing customers with energy efficient lamps - low environmental impact
· Improved thermal insulation and airtightness for buildings - low environmental impact
· Replacing older industrial plant - low environmental impact. Can have a positive impact due to reduced emissions.
Negawatt investment alternatives to reduce peak electrical load by time shifting demand include;
· Storage heaters - older systems had asbestos. Newer systems have low environmental impact.
· Demand response control systems where the electricity board can control certain customer loads - minimal environmental impact
· Thermal storage systems such as Ice storage systems to make ice during the night and store it to use it for air conditioning during the day - minimal environmental impact
· Pumped storage hydroelectricity - Can have a significant environmental impact - see Hydroelectricity.
· other Grid energy storage technologies - impact varies.
Note that time shifting does not reduce total energy consumed or system efficiency however it can be used to avoid the need to build a new power station to cope with a peak load.
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