A) Full Translation Equivalents

From the previous discussion (bearing in mind differences in mental images standing for the equivalent words in different languages and con­text dependence of equivalents) it may be righteously presumed that one can hardly find truly full and universal equivalents for a word. However,

as you all know practical translation dates back to ancient times and since then translations are commonly regarded and used as full-pledged substitutes of the relevant source texts. That is why despite contradicting theoretical evidence full equivalence is commonly accepted as a convenient makeshift.

•► For practical purpose full equivalence is presumed when there is complete coincidence of pragmatic meanings of the source and target language units²⁴.

This rule applies both to individual words and their regular combi­nations. Speaking generally, translation equivalents of all words and word combinations one finds in a good dictionary are full because the translation practice reflected in dictionaries shows them as complete sub­stitutes universally accepted by the speakers' community of the target language (i. e. as pragmatically equivalent).

Of them the stylistically neutral words with reference meanings²⁵ (terms, geographical and proper names, words denoting physical objects and processes) are more likely to have full translation equivalents be­cause semantic and pragmatic parts of their meaning are less ambiguous.

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