Word study. e Say how the following words are formed:

e Say how the following words are formed:

Greenpeace Rainbow background hereinafter

thereof waxwork copyright cross-examination

f Give the word families of the following words:

g Add as many nouns as you can to the following:

environmental protection ( pollution,..........................................)

damage to the environment ( ship,..............................................)

to attack the boat with explosives ( bombs,..................................)

the ship ( boat.............................................................) was sunk

h Encircle the correct word and make a short sentence:

to do/ to make research

the damage causing/caused by the use of nuclear bombs

in/on the Pacific Ocean

to set off to/for the area in/ on the boat

the boat moored/was moored in Auckland

he was killed in/by drowning

the boat sank/was sunk

i Make sentences of your own with the following words and expressions:

to be based................................................................................................................................

to bring to the attention of the public.......................................................................................

non-violent action....................................................................................................................

to prepare for action..................................................................................................................

to drown....................................................................................................................................

to sink........................................................................................................................................

j Write down the synonyms of the following words and a few sentences with them:

group................................... to relate...............................

issue..................................... different..............................

to protect............................. non-violent..........................

to wish................................. to set off..............................

Text 2

Two French secret service agents using false names were arrested in New Zealand on 12 July 1985 and duly charged with passport and related offences. On 23 July they were further charged with conspiracy to commit arson, with wilfully damaging the Rainbow Warrior by means of explosives, and with the murder of Fernando Pereira. They pleaded not guilty and were remanded in custody. In mid-August the French press identified them as Alain Mafart and Dominique Prieur. The charges against Mafart and Prieur were altered to manslaughter and wilful damage at the hearing on 4 November 1985. The agents pleaded guilty and were sentenced on 22 November to ten years' imprisonment for manslaughter and seven years' for wilful damage, the terms to run concurrently. The French Defence Minister told them that the government would work for their release and on 28 November he urged negotiations for their return to France. The French government recognised the identity of the agents but found no evidence to indicate that their mission involved anything other than surveillance. On 6 September France notified New Zealand of its concern that Mafart and Prieur should enjoy all the guarantees of international law. After further press revelations France acknowledged on 22 September that the agents had obeyed orders, and declared that they should be exempted from blame.

Meanwhile New Zealand had notified France that it would take legal steps to secure compensation from the French State. Further, the New Zealand Prime Minister, David Lange, said that he had prohibited extradition of the agents and political interference in the legal proceedings. After the convictions he remarked that New Zealand would consider repatriating the agents provided they continued to serve their prison sentences. Negotiations between New Zealand and France continued intermittently until 19 May 1986 when New Zealand suspended them in protest at continued economic sanctions by France.

Early in 1986 France began impeding New Zealand imports. New Zealand formally complained to France on 26 February, and on 4 April the European Community Trade Commissioner upheld the complaint. France did not admit to imposing the trade barriers until 22 April.

Other European States were concerned to see the dispute resolved, but efforts at mediation were hardly possible until the facts had been ascertained and the New Zealand proceedings completed. On 12 September 1985 the European Parliament condemned secret service activity against the Rainbow Warrior and demanded a full explanation from France. The UK government took little part in the dispute but on 24 September 1985 called on France to settle compensation without delay. During a visit to Europe in June 1986 Lange indicated that various governments had impressed upon him the need for an early resolution of the dispute. Between 31 May and 2 June, Ruud Lubbers, President of the European Council of Ministers of the Netherlands, explored with the parties a proposal for independent arbitration.

France and New Zealand announced on 19 June that they had agreed to refer all matters without precondition to arbitration by the UN Secretary-General. The ruling was completed on 6 July 1986 and signed on 9 July. It required France to apologise and pay a fixed sum to New Zealand; required New Zealand to transfer Mafart and Prieur into French custody; and enjoined France not to impede New Zealand exports to the European Community. The terms were carried out on 22–23 July 1986, and France subsequently abided by the ruling on New Zealand exports.

France reached a settlement with the family of Fernando Pereira on 12 November 1985, encompassing a formal apology, compensation totalling 2.3 million francs, and reimbursement of the insurers. France and Greenpeace agreed on 19 December 1985 to negotiate damages – France having admitted legal liability on 10 December. Unable to reach agreement, they referred the matter to a panel of three arbitrators on 10 July 1986.

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