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Russia has yet to enact anti-money laundering legislation. Legislation has been drafted by an interagency committee created by the President and is undergoing expert review before being submitted to the State Duma, the lower house of Russia's Federal Assembly or Parliament. Although the directives of the Council of Europe and the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) have been taken into consideration, the proposed Russian anti-money laundering legislation was drafted in the context of the country's unique law enforcement and judicial systems. This anti-money laundering legislation will place Russia significantly in compliance with the anti-money laundering provisions of the 1988 Vienna Convention.
There are no currency transaction reporting requirements for banks or NBFIs, for businesses at the time of customer purchases, or for the importation of bulk currency by financial institutions. Upon entry into Russia, travelers passing through Russian customs are required to complete a customs declaration form. This form includes personal information about the traveler such as full name, citizenship, the country of origin and country of destination. The traveler must list all holdings in rouble denomination to include cash, government bonds, lottery tickets, and checks. All foreign currency, to include monetary instruments (bank notes, exchequer bills, coins, checks, bills, letters of credit, securities, shares, and bonds) must also be declared by type of foreign currency and amounts of each foreign currency. Additionally, a duplicate of the initial customs declaration form must be retained and surrendered to customs authorities upon leaving Russia, along with an exit declaration form requesting the same types of information as the entry declarations form. These declarations forms are retained by the Russian Customs Service and are available, upon request, to Russian law enforcement authorities.
Although there are no reporting requirements for money orders, exchanging currency, or for the export of currency, all such transactions are to be recorded and clients identified. Any amount of foreign currency exported from Russia must be declared; however, amounts over the equivalent of USD500 must be supported by a document proving its legal origin (i. e. bought at a currency exchange, previously imported into the country, or withdrawn from a foreign currency account).
The draft anti-money laundering law stipulates that a transaction report will be completed for all cash and non-cash transactions which exceed 200 times the minimum-wage for individuals and 10,000 times the minimum wage for businesses. A form must also be filled out if several transactions conducted by the same person or their agent totals the above-mentioned amounts over the period of a month. Financial institutions must also inform the tax authorities within 24 hours of any transaction of a suspicious nature. The onus for failure to file these transaction reports will lie with the managers of enterprises, institutions, and organizations. The penalties for breaches of anti-money laundering regulations range from substantial fines for administrative violations to criminal liability if the violation is connected to money laundering activities.
Under proposed law, the Russian Tax Inspectorate will serve as the central authority for receiving or collecting the currency transaction reports, and entering them into a searchable database.
§ Vocabulary notes
| to enact | вводить в закон, предписывать, постановлять | |||||||||
| to enact some legislation | начать применять закон, принимать закон | |||||||||
| to undergo | [,önd@'gou] | подвергаться, испытывать | ||||||||
| to undergo review | проходить проверку, рассматриваться | |||||||||
| to undergo customs formalities | проходить таможенный досмотр | |||||||||
| to undergo an operation | подвергнуться операции | |||||||||
| to submit | [s@b'mIt] | представлять на рассмотрение | ||||||||
| to submit a question | задать вопрос в письменном виде | |||||||||
| denomination | [dI,nomI'neISn] | достоинство, стоимость | ||||||||
| in rouble denomination | в рублевом выражении, (банкноты) в рублях | |||||||||
| exchequer | [Iks'tSek@] | казначейство | ||||||||
| exchequer bill | казначейский билет / вексель | |||||||||
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | министр финансов, канцлер казначейства (в Великобритании) | |||||||||
| coin | монета | |||||||||
| bill | вексель | |||||||||
| letter of credit | аккредитив | |||||||||
| share | акция | |||||||||
| to retain | 1) сохранять; 2) помнить | |||||||||
| to surrender | [s@'rend@] | сдавать (ся) | ||||||||
| to withdraw | [wID'dro: wID'dru: | 1) снимать (со счета); | ||||||||
| (withdrew, withdrawn) | wIDdrO:n] | 2)выводить (войска и т.д.) | ||||||||
| to withdraw some money from an account | снять деньги со счета | |||||||||
| to stipulate | обусловливать, оговаривать | |||||||||
| to suspect smb of smth | [s@'spekt] | подозревать кого-либо в чем-либо | ||||||||
| suspect | ['söspekt] | подозреваемый | ||||||||
| suspicious | [s@s'pIS@s] | подозрительный | ||||||||
| suspicion | подозрение | |||||||||
| onus (Lat.) | бремя, ответственность, долг | |||||||||
| penalty | наказание, штраф | |||||||||
| penal | уголовный | |||||||||
| to penalize | наказывать | |||||||||
| breach | [brI:tS] | нарушение (закона, обязательства) | ||||||||
| to break (broke, broken) substantial | [s@b'st{nS@l] | нарушать существенный, важный, значительный | ||||||||
| substance | вещество | |||||||||
| fine to fine | штраф штрафовать | |||||||||
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