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1. | Guillebaud, J., Contraception: your questions answered, London, Churchill Livingstone, (revised edn) 1991, pp293-4. |
2. | de Groot, R., Antibiotic Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, Rotterdam, Erasmus University, 1991, p13. |
3. | Lanza, O. and Kerkvliet, E., Ojo con los antidiarreicos: el abuso de antidiarreicos en America Latina, Montevideo, AIS/IOCU, 1991, pp35-40. |
4. | Scott, H.D., Thacher-Renshaw, A., et al, «Physician reporting of adverse drug reactions: results of the Rhode Island Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Project», Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 263, No 13, 4 Apr 1990, pp1785-8. |
5. | Garotta, F. and Messa, A., «Safety profile of ceftizoxime: an Italian experience on 14,007 patients», Journal of Chemotherapy, Vol 3 (suppl. no 2), 1991, рр36-8. |
6. | Lexchin, J., «Adverse drug reactions: review of the Canadian literature», Canadian Family Physician, Vol 37, Jan 1991, pp109-18. |
7. | Anon., «54,404 ADRs filed in US in 1987», Scrip, No 1318, 17 Jun 1988, p21; Kaur, N., «Overprescription: doctors profit, patients suffer», Utusan Konsumer, mid-Jan 1992, p5; Lexchin, op cit. |
8. | Fletcher, A.P., «Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting vs event monitoring: a comparison», Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol 84, Jun 1991, pp341-4. |
9. | IFPMA, IFPMA Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices, Geneva, IFPMA, 1989, p4. |
10. | Medawar, C., The Wrong Kind of Medicine?, London, Consumers’ Association and Hodder & Stoughton, 1984, pp45-6. |
11. | Abrahams, P., «Discovering healthy profits», Financial Times, 10 Dec 1991, Section III, рIII. |
12. | WHO, Clinical Pharmacological Evaluation in Drug Control, EUR/ICP/DSE 173, Copenhagen, WHO, 1993. |
13. | Schwartz, H., «Improving the industry’s image», Scrip, No 1620/21, 29/31 May 1991, pp22-3. |
14. | Anon., «Drug use problems in Latin America», Scrip, No 1683, 15 Jan 1992, p28. |
15. | Anon., «Pharmaceutical misuse costs Iran $100 mill pa». Scrip, No 1787, 19 Jan 1993, p13. |
16. | Fabricant, S.J. and Hirschhorn, N., «Deranged distribution, perverse prescription, unprotected use: the irrationality of pharmaceuticals in the developing world», Health Policy and Planning, Vol 2, No 3, 1987, pp204-13; WHO, The World Drug Situation, Geneva, WHO, 1988. |
17. | Ballen, K., «America’s most admired corporations», Fortune, 10 Feb 1992, рр30-4. |
18. | Anon., «US promotion criticised», Scrip, No 1577/8, 21/26 Dec 1990, pp16-17. |
19. | Anon., «FDA’s drug promotion problems», Scrip, No 1389, 24 Feb 1989, p14. |
20. | Anon., «FDA warns industry on promotion», Scrip, No 1611, 26 Apr 1991, p17. |
21. | Chetley, A. and Mintzes, B. (eds), Promoting Health or Pushing Drugs?, Amsterdam, HAI, 1992, pp12-15. |
22. | Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians, «Improving medical education in therapeutics», Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol 108, No 1, Jan 1988, pp145-7. |
23. | Grant, R., Which? Medicine, London, Consumers Association and Hodder & Stoughton, 1992, p58. |
24. | Position paper entitled «Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry», quoted in: Schwartz, H., «Are pharmaceutical companies bribing doctors? - the Schwartz commentary», Scrip, No 1515, 18 May 1990, p22. |
25. | Anon., «When drug labels cry wolf», The Economist, 12 Oct 1985, p96. |
25a. | Ibid |
26. | Steele, R.W. and Kearns, G.L., «Antimicrobial therapy for paediatric patients», Pediatric Clinics of North America, Vol 36, No 5, Oct 1989, pp1321-49. |
27. | Lynn, M., The Billion Dollar Battle: Merck v Glaxo, London, Mandarin, 1992, p128. |
28. | Anon., «Call for independent source of French drug information», Scrip, No 1500, 28 Mar 1990, p1. |
29. | Anon., «US FDA criticises Praxis’promotion», Scrip, No 1609,19 Apr 1991, pl2; Anon., «FDA censures Bristol-Myers Squibb», Scrip, No 1592, 20 Feb 1991, p11; Anon., «Abbott»s US Hytrin campaign rejected», Scrip, No 1488, 14 Feb 1990, p17; Anon., «FDA criticises Lupron promotion», Scrip, No 1503, 6 Apr 1990, p17. |
30. | Anon., «Effectiveness of UK pharma reps», Scrip, No 1596, 6 Mar 1991, p4. |
31. | Safavi, K.T. and Hayward, R.A., «Choosing between apples and apples: Physicians’ choices of prescription drugs that have similar side effects and efficacies», Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol 7, Jan/Feb 1992, pp32-7. |
32. | Medawar, C., Power and Dependence, London, Social Audit, 1992; Lacey, R., The Complete Guide to Psychiatric Drugs, London, Ebury Press, 1991; Neill, J.R., «A social history of psychotropic drug advertisements», Social Science and Medicine, Vol 28, No 4, 1989, ррЗЗЗ-8; Toynbee, P., «The patients who get hooked on tranquillisers», Guardian, 25 Nov 1985, p10. |
33. | Jackson, D.M. and Soothill, R., Is the Medicine Making You Ill?, North Ryde, Australia, Angus & Robertson, 1989, pp56-7. |
34. | Comment made in а ВВС Radio 4 programme, File on Four, broadcast 11 June 1991 |
35. | Liss, R.H. and Batchelor, F.R., «Economic evaluations of antibiotic use and resistance - a perspective: report of Task Force 6», Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Vol 9 (Suppl. 3), May-Jun l987, ppS297-312. |
36. | O'Reilly, В., «Drugmakers under attack», Fortune, 29 Jul 1991, pp108-18. |
37. | Clark, E., The Want Makers, London, Coronet Books, 1989, p289. |
38. | Cunliffe, P.W., «Drugs in the Third World» (letter to the editor), The Listener, 3 Oct 1985. |
39. | Randall, Т., «Kennedy hearings say no more free lunch - or much else - from drug firms», Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 265, No 4, 23/30 Jan 1991, pp440-2. |
40. | Barral, E., Prospective et sante, No 36, Winter 1985/86, pp89-95, cited in WHO, 1988, op cit, pp38-9. See also: Anon., «10 years of NCE discovery analysed», Scrip, No 1062, 23 Dec 1985, pp20-1. |
41. | Marsh, P., «Prescribing all the way to the bank», New Scientist, 18 Nov 1989, pp50-5. |
42. | Brown, P., «A Caribbean banana lesson for the pharmaceutical industry», Scrip Magazine, No 10, Dec 1992/Jan 1993, pp3-4. |
43. | Schwartz, H., «The pharmaceutical companies and their critics», International Health and Development, Mar/Apr 1989, pp24-7. |
44. | Leisinger, K.M., Poverty, Sickness and Medicines: an unholy alliance?, Geneva, IFPMA, 1989, p21. |
45. | Fresle, D., «How many drugs do we really need?», World Health, Mar-Apr 1992, p9. |
46. | Laurence, D.R. and Bennett, P.N., Clinical Pharmacology, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, (6th edn), 1987, p307. |
47. | Nakajima, H., «How essential is an essential drugs policy?», World Health, Mar-Apr 1992, p3. |
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