E x e r c i s e s. I. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following international words from the text:

I. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following international words from the text:

figure, sphere, ellipse, rotation, empirical, constant (n), modification, geometrical, asymmetrical, mass, position, system, coordinate, vertical, distance, local, line, equatorial, form (n), spheroid, practical, perpendicular, parallel, equator, minute, second(n), per cent, pole, meridian, observatory, equivalent, cosine, zone

II. Find in the text adjective + noun, noun + noun word combinations and translate

III. Give the opposites of::horizontal, short, above, various, north, east, high, wide, inner.

IV. Translate the following sentences payng attention to the absolute participle constructions:

1.The earth may be considered an oblate spheroid, the shorter axis being the axis of rotation. 2. Any plane parallel to the equator cuts the surface of the earth in a circle, all points on this circle having the same latitude. 3. The figure of the earth has been defined by various empirical equations, the constants of which being based on observations. 4. The number of observations increasing, the accuracy of the map is improved. 5. The latitude and the longitude being known, the island could be marked on the map.

V. Analyse the S-P-O structure of the sentence:

The geometrical figures defined by these equations cannot exactly represent the shape of the earth because of the asymmetrical distribution of the water and land masses.

VI. Define the functions of the participle constructions and translate the following sentences:

1.The linear distance corresponding to a diference of one degree of latitude would be the same everywhere upon the surface of a sphere.2. The work of our surveying party was interrupted because a radiogram was received informing us about a heavy storm approaching the region of our exploration. 3. Having corrected the triangles, we began calculations, 4. When plotting from the astronomic positions, distant hills are a great help in a survey.

VII. Comprehension questions:

1.How may the figure of the earth be represented? 2. Is the accuracy of observations improved? 3. What is needed to define the position of a point on the earth's surface? 4. When are angular coordinates used? 5. What is the latitude? 6.What are parallels of latitude? 7. How is the latitude measured? 8. What is a meridian? 9. What is the longitude? 10. Where is a standard meridian plane?

VIII. Give a one-sentence definition of e l e v a t i o n.

IX. Annotate the third paragraph.

X. Speak about:

a) a figure of the earth, b) latitude, c) longitude.

Text B

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