Read the following words and define the parts of speech. Mind

the stress:

collaborate – collaboration – collaborator; improve – improvement; viscosity – viscous; alleviate – alleviation; expected – unexpected; medicine – medical – medicinal; lubricate – lubricant – lubricants; appreciate – appreciation; present – to present.

3. Read and translate the following word combinations:

to place narrow limitation on smth., to bring deeper understanding into smth., a sound knowledge, a sound scientist, to overcome unexpected problems, to collaborate with pharmacologists, to make improvements in metallurgy, get thin in hot weather, to retain a constant viscosity, to be of great value to medicine, to present an imposing challenge to smb., to make up the human body, to provide an understanding of smth., medically trained men.

4. Study the following chart. Mind the meaning of these prepositions when translating the sentences given below:

1. both 2. both... and   3. either 4. either... or 5. neither   6. neither... nor 7. in order that   8. in order to

Both substances were used in the reaction. Both the bridge and the tunnel will be constructed next year. Either of these acids can be used in this analysis I shall leave either tonight or tomorrow. He used neither of these techniques in his research work. I could find him neither at home nor in the office. In order that the safety of chemists may be observed the special box was equipped. In order to strengthen this alloy we have to add vanadium.

1. Both the bridge and the dam will be constructed before the navigation season. 2. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground. 3. These children know neither German nor French. 4. Special containers were used in order that the safety of samples could be improved. 5. The sun gives us both light and heat; it gives us energy as well. 6. Homogeneous materials may be classified either into compounds or into solutions. 7. Neither weak acids nor weak bases could react with aluminium hydroxide to produce salts. 8. Both substances were examined before solving. 9. Both the volume and the shape of crystalline solid can be altered but only by the application of considerable force. 10. A reversible decomposition of either kind is known as thermal dissociation. 11. The molecules of a solid are also in motion, but they are limited both in manner and range of movement.

5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word “order”:

1. D.I. Mendeleyev arranged the elements in the order of increasing atomic weights. 2. In order to be used in a chemi­cal laboratory natural water must be purified. 3. The order was announced at the meeting. 4. In order to dissolve this sub­stance one must heat it. 5. The students must put everything in order when they finish their work. 6. In order to study the relationship between microstructural and mechanical prop­erties of the gel, it is very important to use pure stable gels.

6. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms:

1. Last year he (to deal with) quantitative analysis. 2. Every day she (to attend) lectures on chemistry. 3. Two years ago he (to study) the problems of the crystal structure. 4. Yesterday they (not work) in the laboratory as there was no electricity. 5. He (to pass) his exams well, and now he (to rest). 6. They (to get) good results, which helped them in their work. 7. Many students (to graduate from) the Institute last year. 8. When they (to heat) water to 100°C it (to begin) to boil. 9. She (not take part) in this research work as she (to be ill) at that time. 10. Next year he (to graduate) from the Institute and (leave) Moscow for his native town. 11. She (to work) in the field of nuclear physics next year. 12. They (to use) this new device in their work soon.

7. Read the text and guess:

a) which word in paragraph 1 means "work with another"?

b) which word in paragraph 2 means "keep, preserve, continue to have"?

c) which word in paragraph 2 means "able to flow easily, like water or gas"?

d) which word in paragraph 4 means "making less (pain or suffering)?

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