How to make a presentation

Structural parts of the presentation	Contents	Examples
Introduction	Get people's attention	If I could have everybody's attention. If we can start. Perhaps we should begin? Let's get started.
Welcome them	Welcome to Microsoft. Thank you for coming today. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of Intel, I'd like to welcome you.
Introduce yourself	My name's Jane Shaw. I'm responsible for travel arrangements. For those of you who don't know me, my name's Tom Stotter. As you know, I'm in charge of public relations. I'm the new Marketing Manager.
A) State the purpose of your presentation     State the structure / plan of your presentation	This morning I'd like to present …. You are not of course going to remember everything that you are going to hear but I hope you’ll leave with a knowledge of …. Today I'd like to discuss … and suggest …. This afternoon, I'd like to report on my study into the German market. What I want to do this morning is to talk to you about …. What I want to do is to tell you about our successes and failures in introducing new working patterns. My purpose/objective today is to … Today I’d like to give you a general overview of … What I’m going to do today is review … After a brief overview of the results, I'd like to discuss the implications in more detail. I’m going to develop three main points. First, … Second, … Third …. I’ll pass round copies of my slides so you can make notes as I go through the presentation …. I’ve divided my presentation into three main points. I’d like to begin with … So, I’ll be addressing three main points and the first one is going to be …. the second point will be …. And finally the last point is…. I’m going to outline 3 main proposals. Firstly, I’ll ….Then, I’d like to … and finally … Today, I’m going to bring you up to date with …I’m happy to take any questions after that… I’d like to start with …. And then … Lastly …..Please feel free to interrupt me at any time if you have a question … Let me start by … I’ll start by … The interesting thing about … is that … First of all, I’ll … Drawing your attention to Starting with … Of primarily concern is … (основным моментом является) I’d like to begin by... Essentially … Primarily … Getting of the matter … (переходя к главному) Key words: talk about = to speak about a subject Today I'd like to talk about our plans for the new site. I'm going to be talking to you about the results of our survey. report on = to tell you about what has been done. I'm going to be reporting on our results last quarter. Today I will be reporting on the progress we have made since our last meeting. take a look at = to examine First, let's take a look at what we have achieved so far. Before we go on to the figures, I'd like to take a look at the changes we have made. tell you about = to speak to someone to give them information or instructions First, I will tell you about the present situation, then go onto what we are going to do. When I have finished, Jack will then tell you about what is happening in Europe. show = to explain something by doing it or by giving instructions. The object of this morning's talk is to show you how to put the theory into practice. Today I'm going to show you how to get the most out of the new software. outline = to give the main facts or information about something. I'd like to outline the new policy and give you some practical examples. I will only give you a brief outline and explain how it affects you. fill you in on = to give some extra or missing information I'd like to quickly fill you in on what has happened. When I have finished outlining the policy, Jerry will fill you in on what we want you to do. give an overview of = to give a short description with general information but no details. Firstly, I would like to give you a brief overview of the situation. I'll give you an overview of our objectives and then hand over to Peter for more details. highlight = draw attention to or emphasize the important fact or facts. The results highlight our strengths and our weaknesses. I'd now like to go on to highlight some of the advantages that these changes will bring. discuss = to talk about ideas or opinions on a subject in more detail. I'm now going to go on to discuss our options in more detail.
State how you want to deal with questions	If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them as we go along. Feel free to ask any questions. Perhaps we can leave any questions you have until the end. There will be plenty of time for questions at the end.
Main part	Here you speak about major facts trying to put them into logical manner and connect them with linking words and phrases	Signposting When we are giving a presentation, there are certain key words we use to ’signpost’ different stages in our presentation. These words are not difficult to learn but it is absolutely essential that you memorize them and can use them when you are under pressure giving a presentation. When you want to make your next point, you ‘move on’. Moving on to the next point. I’d like to move on to the next point When you want to change to a completely different topic, you ‘turn to’. I’d like to turn to something completely different. Let’s turn now to our plans for next year. When you want to give more details about a topic you ‘expand’ or ‘elaborate’. I’d like to expand more on this problem we have had in Chicago. Would you like me to expand a little more on that or have you understood enough? I don’t want to elaborate any more on that as I’m short of time. When you want to talk about something which is off the topic of your presentation, you ‘digress’. отступать; отвлекаться, отклоняться (от темы) I’d like to digress here for a moment and just say a word of thanks to Bob for organizing this meeting. Digressing for a moment, I’d like to say a few words about our problems in Chicago. When you want to refer back to an earlier point, you ‘go back’. Going back to something I said earlier, the situation in Chicago is serious. I’d like to go back to something Jenny said in her presentation. To just give the outline of a point, you ’summarize’. If I could just summarize a few points from John’s report. I don’t have a lot of time left so I’m going to summarize the next few points. To repeat the main points of what you have said, you ‘recap’. I’d like to quickly recap the main points of my presentation. Recapping quickly on what was said before lunch,…… For your final remarks, you ‘conclude’. I’d like to conclude by leaving you with this thought …… If I may conclude by quoting Karl Marx ……. If you get your facts wrong. I am terribly sorry. What I meant to say was this. Sorry. What I meant is this. If you have been going too fast and your audience is having trouble keeping up with you. Let me just recap on that. I want to recap briefly on what I have been saying. If you have forgotten to make a point. Sorry, I should just mention one other thing. If I can just go back to the previous point, there is something else that I forgot to mention. If you have been too complicated and want to simplify what you said. So, basically, what I am saying is this. So, basically, the point I am trying to get across is this. If you realize that what you are saying makes no sense. Sorry, perhaps I did not make that quite clear. Let me rephrase that to make it quite clear. If you cannot remember the term in English. Sorry, what is the word I am looking for? Sorry, my mind has gone blank. How do you say 'escargot' in English? If you are short of time. So just to give you the main points. As we are short of time, this is just a quick summary of the main points. ‘Signpost of giving an example’ For example … A good example of this is … To illustrate this point … In other words … Frequently … Namely … specifically … In particular … This is … a case in point … As an illustration … To give you an example Commenting on visuals When we are giving lots of information, we often use visuals to give an overview. However, we often need to highlight only one or two key points or figures and then comment on them. Here's some language to help you. Presentation: ExplainingVisuals Plan: 1. From general to specific (tell what your project is about as a whole, then begin to explain the specific details). 2. Order(start at one point, then proceed to the next one). 3. Chronological order(start from past and move to the present). 4. Comparison/contrast(first talk about one object and then compare or contrast it with the other; or one aspect of one object compare with the first aspect of the other one). Notice! Relate one sentence to another (e.g. Inflation results in a rise in price levels, in contrast, effects a decline in prices). Relate parts of the same sentence to each other (e.g. Inflation results in a rise in price levels, whereas deflation effects a decline in prices). Linking words: but whereas on the contrary even though similarly however on the other hand conversely likewise in contrast nevertheless instead and besides furthermore within the same (в этом же плане) also in keeping with (придерживаясь)) what’s more analogously (аналогично) 5. If you use visuals, graphs in your speech, make the references to them in the following ways: Introducing the data: The table below shows … As seen in Figure/Table/Chart 1 … The figure above illustrates … As can be seen in Figure/Table/Chart 1 … The following chart reveals … As shown in Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As is shown in Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As is stated Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As was mentioned Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As will be demonstrated Figure/Table/Chart 1 … Discussing some features drawing some conclusions from it: The pattern revealed by this graph/table/figure suggests that … If this pattern /trend continues, … From this chart/graph/table we can predict that … One pattern that becomes clear from this is … Looking at this table, we can conclude that … The column on the right illustrates … The rows show … While discussing charts/graphs, tables modify statements about change, stability, comparison by using adjectives/ adverbs: Greatest extremely/considerably entirely significantly/ markedly/ noticeably precisely a great deal almost very/quite nearly rather/fairly/somewhat roughly slightly approximately Least marginally   Least adverbs Greatest entirely precisely almost nearly roughly Leastapproximately Adjectives Greatestextremely/considerably significantly/markedly/noticeably a great deal very / quite rather/fairly/somewhat slightly, slowly marginally slowly, slightly, dramatically, significantly, steadily,, a huge/slight/significant rise, to groq considerably, gradually, slowly, a fast/gradual/small rise, small/steady/rapid growth, a sharp/gradual/fast/ noticeable jump, to drop substantially/significantly.     Useful terms for describing visual information       Before getting on to the next point I want to draw your attention to I’d like you to look at some very interesting statistics/tables/graphics/charts which I hope you’ll find very encouraging. Let’s look at some figures; I’ll put them on the screen now. The first you can see are …. Now if you would please look at the screen again, you’ll see that I’ve listed … under the heading of …. I’ll comment now on each of the figures one by one. Now would you please look at these new figures showing …. Quite impressive, aren’t they? I’d like us to show our attention on … What is interesting / important here is … I’m sure the implications are clear to all of us … The figures in this table show … It is important to notice that … The take-home message here is … The table below shows … The figure above shows … This chart compares … I’d like you to think about … If you look at the top right hand corner … The following chart reveals … The blue botted line represents … The top half shows… Now, I’ll show you … Let’s move on now and look at the figures for … The significance of this is … I’d like you to concentrate on this pattern column … The next overhead shows … The vertical axis represents … As seen in Figure /Table / Chart 1 … As can be seen in Figure/Table/Chart! … As is shown in Figure./Table/Chart 1 … As is stated Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As was mentioned Figure/Table/Chart 1 … As will be demonstrated Figure/Table/Chart 1 … Discussing features drawing some conclusions from them The pattern revealed by graph/table/figure suggests that … If this pattern/trend continues … From this chart/graph/table we can predict that.. One pattern that becomes clear from this is … Looking at this table, we can conclude that … The column on the right illustrates … The rows show … We can conclude that … The lesson we can learn from this is … As we can see … Softening We have seen how to emphasize points but sometimes you want to soften облегчать the impact of what you are saying and give them less importance. Here are some ways to do that: Compare: We made a huge loss. We made a loss. We made a slight loss. The situation has improved enormously. The situation has improved. The situation has improved slightly. It is always incredibly difficult to … It is difficult to … It is sometimes a littledifficult to … Softening 2 We can soften the impact of negative ideas by responding using a positive word with a negative form of the verb. For example, compare: The results are disappointing. The results certainly aren't very encouraging, I'm afraid. Rhetorical questions Presentations are more interesting if you use a conversational style. They are more lively and you establish a rapport between you and your audience. You can do this by using a question and answer technique – you ask a question and then answer it. Your questions create anticipation and guide your audience to your point of view. For example: Late delivery is a big problem. What is the best solution? There are two possible solutions. First … Focussing attention When we really want to focus the attention of our audience on an important point, we can use this "What ……. is …." Look at these examples: We must cut costs. What we must do is cut costs.   We need more reliable suppliers. What we need is more reliable suppliers. Cause and effect When you are giving a presentation, your job is to not only present the facts but also to give the reasons (why), the purpose (objectives) and the results. In a presentation, the language used is often very simple, much simpler than if we were writing. For example: Reason: We sold the land because we needed to release the cash. We closed the offices in London because they were too expensive to run. Purpose: We set up the team to look at possible ways to improve efficiency. We sold the land to get necessary capital for investment. Result: We sold the land and had enough cash to invest in new equipment. We expanded the sales network and sales increased. Asking for clarification Sometimes we don't hear or understand what the speaker has said. When this happens, we need to ask for repetition or clarification. Here are some exercises to help you do that.
Conclusion		So, that brings me to the end of my presentation … Well, that covers everything I want to say … Summary Let me summarise what we have looked at … I’ll briefly summarise the main issues … I’d like to summarise … So, that completes our presentation … Let me just go over the key points again … To sum up … At this stage, the only way forward is to … To summarise, I’ll run through my 3 topics … Lets’ recap, shall we? I’d like to sum up now. Let ne summarize briefly what I’ve said. Let me remind you, finally, of some of the points I’ve made If I can just sum up the main points … In short … Therefore … consequently … hence … accordingly … thus … as a result … for this reason … Conclusion I suggest John … and Mary … I’d like to conclude by strongly recommending … I trust you gained an insight into … To conclude, I’d like to leave you with the following thought … In conclusion, I’d like to leave you with the following idea … In conclusion I’d like to say that… On the whole … So, that’s pretty much for … So in a nutshell (итак, одним словом) … The bottom line is (подводя черту) All in all (в целом) So as you see … To put it all together (сводя все сказанное воедино) By way of summary (подводя итоги) Closing remarks Thank you for your attention … I’ll now hand out … If you have any questions, I’d be happy to answer them … Thank you for listening …   Dealing with questions At the end of your talk, you may get questions. You don't have to answer all the questions - they may not be good questions! If it is a good question, thank the person and answer it. Some of the questions may be irrelevant and not connected to what you want to say. Say so and get another question. Some may be unnecessary because you have already given the answer. Repeat the answer briefly and get the next question. And some may be difficult because you don't have the information. Again, say so and offer to find the information or ask the person asking the question what they think. When you get a question, comment on it first. This will give you time to think. Here are some useful expressions to help you do that: That's a very interesting question. I'm glad you've asked that question. A good question. I'm sorry but I don't have that information to hand. Can I get back to you about that? I'm afraid I can't answer that. I'm not in a position to comment on that. As I said earlier, … I think I answered that when I said … I did mention that. I don't see the connection. I'm sorry, I don’t follow you. I think that is a very different issue. Here are some ways of dealing with questions when you are the SPEAKER: When you don't want to answer: To be honest, I'm not really the person to ask about that. When someone interrupts you: Sorry, could I just finish? When you finally understand what they want to know: Oh I see. So what you are asking is … When you realise they don't understand what you said: Perhaps I didn't make myself clear. What I was trying to say was … If you don't want to tell everyone: Perhaps we can talk about it when I have finished. To close off the presentation: If there are no more questions, we should stop there. Here are some ways of getting an answer when you are the QUESTIONER: When the answer doesn't give you the information you want: Yes, that may be so, but what I want to know is … When the answer is evasive: Yes, but you still haven't answered my question. If you are sceptical and want more detail: Well, I'm not so sure. Can you give us an example to illustrate that? If you don't agree: That may be so, but I still think...

APPENDIX 2

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16