Common Exception Classes

The following exceptions are thrown by certain C# operations.

System.ArithmeticException	A base class for exceptions that occur during arithmetic operations, such as System.DivideByZeroException and System.OverflowException.
System.ArrayTypeMismatchException	Thrown when a store into an array fails because the actual type of the stored element is incompatible with the actual type of the array.
System.DivideByZeroException	Thrown when an attempt to divide an integral value by zero occurs.
System.IndexOutOfRangeException	Thrown when an attempt to index an array via an index that is less than zero or outside the bounds of the array.
System.InvalidCastException	Thrown when an explicit conversion from a base type or interface to a derived type fails at run time.
System.NullReferenceException	Thrown when a null reference is used in a way that causes the referenced object to be required.
System.OutOfMemoryException	Thrown when an attempt to allocate memory (via new) fails.
System.OverflowException	Thrown when an arithmetic operation in a checked context overflows.
System.StackOverflowException	Thrown when the execution stack is exhausted by having too many pending method calls; typically indicative of very deep or unbounded recursion.
System.TypeInitializationException	Thrown when a static constructor throws an exception, and no catch clauses exists to catch it.

Attributes

Much of the C# language enables the programmer to specify declarative information about the entities defined in the program. For example, the accessibility of a method in a class is specified by decorating it with the method-modifiers public, protected, internal, and private.

C# enables programmers to invent new kinds of declarative information, called attributes. Programmers can then attach attributes to various program entities, and retrieve attribute information in a run-time environment. For instance, a framework might define a HelpAttribute attribute that can be placed on certain program elements (such as classes and methods) to provide a mapping from those program elements to their documentation.

Attributes are defined through the declaration of attribute classes (§17.1), which may have positional and named parameters (§17.1.2). Attributes are attached to entities in a C# program using attribute specifications (§17.2), and can be retrieved at run-time as attribute instances (§17.3).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16