Skin face pallor

Abdominal examination

Hands:

clubbing /club·bing/ (klub´ing) proliferation of soft tissue around the ends of fingers or toes, without osseous change.

Koilonychia

[koi′lōnik′ē·ə]

Etymology: Gk, koilos, hollow, onyx, nail

a condition in which nails are thin and concave from side to side. It is usually familial but may occur with trauma and iron deficiency anemia. Also called spoon nails.

koilonychia clubbing

Head and neck

pallor (pal´ r),

n paleness; absence of skin coloration.

pallor, perioral,

n paleness of soft tissues surrounding the oral cavity; an indication of impending syncope.

pallor [pal´or]

paleness, as of the skin.

Conjuctiva pallor

skin face pallor

Angular stomatitis [sto″mah-ti´tis] (pl. stomati´tides)

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth; it may be caused by any of numerous diseases of the mouth or it may accompany another disease. Both gingivitis and glossitis are forms of stomatitis.

Causes. The causes of stomatitis vary widely, from a mild local irritant to a vitamin deficiency or infection by a possibly dangerous disease-producing organism. Inflammation may arise from actual injury to the inside of the mouth, as from cheek-biting, jagged teeth, tartar accumulations, and badly fitting dentures. Irritating substances, including alcohol, and tobacco, may also cause stomatitis. Other causes are infectious bacteria, such as streptococci and gonococci or those causing necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, diphtheria, and tuberculosis; the fungus causing thrush; or the viruses causingherpes simplex and measles. Extreme vitamin deficiencies can result in mouth inflammation, as can certain blood disorders. Poisoning with heavy metals, such as lead or mercury, can also cause stomatitis.

Symptoms. There is generally swelling and redness of the tissues of the mouth, which may become quite sore, particularly during eating. The mouth may have an unpleasant odor. In some types of stomatitis the mouth becomes dry, but in others there is excessive salivation. Ulcerations may appear, and, in extreme cases, gangrene (gangrenous stomatitis).

Other forms of stomatitis may occasionally cause more severe symptoms, including chills, fever, and headache. Sometimes bleeding or white patches in the mouth can be seen. In thrush, the symptoms themselves may be slight (white spots in the mouth resembling milk curds) but the disease may give rise to serious infections elsewhere in the body. In some cases, stomatitis causes inflammation of the parotid glands.

Stomatitis resulting from certain diseases presents special identifying symptoms. Syphilitic stomatitis produces painful ulcers in the mouth; in scarlet fever the tongue first has a strawberry color, which then deepens to a raspberry hue; in measles, Koplik's spots appear.

Treatment and Prevention. The treatment varies according to the cause. When the inflammation is caused by anemia, vitamin deficiency, or any infection of the body, both the underlying disease and the stomatitis are treated. Antibiotics often are effective against the infection and prevent its spreading to the parotid glands. Severe stomatitis can be a side effect of chemotherapy and radiation to the head and neck as treatment for cancer. Measures to alleviate the inflammation and promote healing include increasing fluid intake and using artificial saliva to minimize dryness and help buffer acidity in the mouth, avoiding liquids and foods that are chemically irritating or extremely hot, and frequent and consistent mouth care.
only stomatitis

With proper care, many cases of stomatitis can be prevented. Cleanliness is essential, especially of the mouth, teeth, dentures, and feeding utensils. Infants may acquire mouth infection from the mother's oral flora, dirty bottles, or the mother's nipples. In the case of a prolonged fever or of any severe general illness, dryness of the mouth should be avoided by ingestion of increased amounts of fluids.

Glos·si·tis

n.

Inflammation of the tongue.

Glossitis is a condition in which the tongue is swollen and changes color, often making the surface of the tongue appear smooth.

Causes

Glossitis is often a symptom of other conditions or problems, including:

• Allergic reaction to toothpaste, mouthwash, breath fresheners, dyes in candy, plastic in dentures or retainers, or certain blood pressure medications (ACE inhibitors)
• Dry mouth, when the glands that produce saliva are destroyed (see: Sjogren syndrome)
• Infections with bacteria or viruses (including oral herpes simplex)
• Injury from burns, rough edges of teeth or dental appliances, or other trauma
• Low iron levels (called iron deficiency) or certain B vitamins, such as vitamin B12
• Skin conditions such as oral lichen planus, erythema multiform, aphthous ulcers, pemphigus vulgaris, syphilis, and others
• Tobacco, alcohol, hot foods, spices, or other irritants
• Yeast infection in the mouth

At times, glossitis may be passed down in families and is not due to another disease or event.

Symptoms

Symptoms of glossitis may appear quickly or slowly over time. They include:

• Difficulty with chewing, swallowing, or speaking
• Smooth surface of the tongue
• Sore and tender tongue
• Tongue color changes
• Pale, if caused by pernicious anemia
• Fiery red, if caused by a lack of other B vitamins
• Tongue swelling

 

bilateral parotid enlargement You have 3 open access pages left. UK healthcare workers and students can get FREE subscriptions... click here.

Causes of bilateral parotid enlargement include: local disease: mumps - more commonly children than adults parotitis uveoparotid fever sialectasis - especially if related to eating Sjogren's syndrome tumour infiltration systemic disease: sarcoidosis tuberculosis alcoholism myxoedema Cushing's disease diabetes/insulin resistance - about 25% of patients with overt or latent diabetes have bilateral asymptomatic enlargement of the parotid glands (1) liver cirrhosis gout bulimia nervosa HIV in children may cause bilateral parotid enlargement (2) drugs: thiouracil isoprenaline phenylbutazone high oestrogen contraceptive pills Bilateral parotid enlargement may also be seen in: severe dehydration malnutrition Notes: there have been case reports of involvement of the exocrine glands in cases of leukaemia (3)

Mouth ulcers

A mouth ulcer is a painful sore in the mouth. It appears on the tongue, the lips, and the gums or inside the cheeks. The first sign of the sore may be a tingling, burning sensation inside the mouth. They can occur either singly or in clusters. They are usually white or yellow in color, surrounded by red halos. Usually they heal within 7 to 10 days. There are 3 types of ulcers:

· Minor ulcers

· Large ulcers

· Herpetiform ulcers (where one can have up to 100 very small painful ulcers)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16