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Broadcast media embraces radio and television texts of different genres. Radio and television news and analysis genres have evolved on the basis of print media genres but differ from the latter by the form of presentation.
Genre is a historic type of reflecting reality which is characterised by a set of permanent features. Radio and television genres list various groups with the main genres being news and analysis genres.
The Western school of journalism divides radio and television programmes into genres and formats. Genres reflect the programme contents (something variable), with formats representing something invariable, e.g. the shell in which the program exists. For example, the BBC radio and television genres and formats are as follows:
| Genres | Formats |
| News | Bulletins |
| Factual | Documentaries |
| Interview | Discussion and Talk |
| Debate | Magazines and Reviews |
| Drama | Docudramas |
| Sport | Games and Quizzes |
| Entertainment | Performances and Events |
| Children’s | Readings |
| Weather | Phone-in |
| Religion and Ethics | Reality |
| Learning | |
| Television formats also include: | |
| Animation | |
| Films | |
| Talent Shows |
News programmes ( news bulletins, newscasts ) may contain both genres (news and analysis) in varying proportions. News bulletin is a regularly scheduled programme that reports current events and noteworthy issues.
News is reported in a series of individual stories (called reports or packages) that are presented by one or more anchors. The report is the main genre of broadcast media. Reports are recorded on location, often at the scene of a particular event and can be edited. They can reflect either domestic or international developments. Television news bulletin opens and ends up with news headlines and is a standard (30 minute) or extended (an hour or more) programme.
N e w s b u l l e t i n also includes:
- live or recorded interviews;
- expert opinions (of a journalist or an expert);
- news flashes (breaking news);
- brief video news;
- press reviews.
The bulletin is traditionally structured in the form of an “inverted pyramid”, with major news opening up the newscast to help the viewer better comprehend the major news of the hour. The headlines of the hour, being broadcast every 15 minutes, serve the same purpose of keeping the viewer informed.
The major home or foreign news are known as hard news. They are broadcast in the first half of the news bulletin. Cultural and entertainment news are known as soft news, and they are aired in the second half of the news programme to be followed up by sports news and weather forecast.
Sometimes the news bulletin structure is broken to cover an important event as it is happening. In this case the news bulletin is supplemented with live reporting from the scene of a particular event (sometimes may be aired as special event coverage).
There are five English free-to-air rolling news television channels (broadcasting news 24 hours a day) available in the Republic of Belarus via satellite: BBC World News, EuroNews, Sky News, CNN and BBC News.
In general, the broadcasting component of such channels is made up of three elements: a) current affairs and events of general inerest; b) business; c) sport.
News channels keep the viewer informed by presenting factual information and analysing it.
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