examples of freight cars [2] 
The shape of the cars varies depending on the type of cargo being transported.
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depressed-center flat car
Car with two extra trucks and a lowered deck for carrying heavy equipment.
gondola car
Open-top car for carrying heavy bulk material, such as scrap metal and construction material.
bulkhead flat car
Flat car with sturdy plates at each end for carrying loose cargo (usually logs).
hopper ore car
Usually open-top hopper car of limited capacity for carrying minerals.
hard top gondola
Gondola with of a retractable metal roof for carrying bulk cargo.
flat car
Car with a simple wooden deck for carrying large objects, such as pipes, logs and heavy machinery.
container car
Flat car for carrying standard-size shipping boxes.
automobile car
Multilevel car for carrying vehicles, which are strapped down.
wood chip car
Open-top gondola car with a large compartment for carrying wood chips.
Yard
yard
Set of tracks where freight trains are reconfigured to contain cargo cars with the same destination and then dispatched.
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first classification track
Track where cars for the second classification track are switched.
hump lead
Track where cars are released to coast onto other tracks for switching onto outbound trains.
hump
Sloped part of the track where cars are pushed up a hill (hump) by a locomotive.
hump office
Office where train formations are programmed and car shunting is controlled.
second classification track
Track where cars of known destination are assembled.
classification yard
Set of tracks where cars are hitched together to form trains with the same destination.
car cleaning yard
Set of tracks where cars are cleansed of any cargo residue before going back into circulation.
outbound track
Track that leads trains out of the yard.
water tower
Elevated reservoir containing potable water.
repair shop
Structure for repairing and maintaining locomotives and cars.
locomotive track
Track that leads locomotives to the shop for maintenance.
receiving yard
Set of tracks where arriving trains park and are unhitched from their locomotives.
Joint
rail joint
Fasteners joining the ends of rails.
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nut
Hollow cylinder of metal whose lining is threaded to screw onto a corresponding bolt.
fishplate
Long steel plate that is fitted into the two sides of the rail webs to join them end to end.
fishplate bolt
Bolt-and-screw assembly that fastens a fishplate to rails.
dating nail
Nail attached to a tie that bears the two last numbers of the year in which the tie was laid.
tie plate
Metal plate placed between the rail head and the tie that helps to distribute the weight of the train on the tie.
running surface
Top of the rail head on which the train wheels roll.
spike
Large nail with a hooked head that fastens the base of the rail to the tie.
expansion space
Space left between two joining rails to absorb expansion due to heat.
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