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Each main tense is divided into simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses. There are three main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Verb tense tells you when the action happens.
| Simple | |
| Present | finish |
| Past | finished |
| Future | will finish |
I. Simple Present [VERB] + s/es in third person
1. to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, an event or something that often happens.
She always forgets her purse.
2. the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future.
Birds do not like milk.
II. Simple Past [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
1. to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
2. to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
(3 weeks) ago. in (1990).on (Tuesday). yesterday
III. Simple Future [will + verb]
1. "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. We use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Will you make dinner?
2. "Will" is usually used in promises.
I will call you when I arrive.
3. "Be going to" expresses that something is a plan.
I 'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
in a week. next week. the day after tomorrow. Soon
| Continuous | |
| Present | am/is/are finishing |
| Past | was/were finishing |
| Future | will be finishing |
I. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]
1. to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment.
I am sitting.
2. to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress (this second, today, this month, this year, this century)
I am studying to become a doctor.
3. to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
I am not going to the party tonight.
4. The Present Continuous with words such as "always" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens.
She is always coming to class late.
Always, now
II. Past Continuous [was/were + present participle]
1. to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
2. Specific Time as an Interruption (переривання дії)
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
3. When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
was studying while he was making dinner.
4. In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones
Always Last night Yesterday at this time
III. Future Continuous [will be + present participle]
1. to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
2. Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future (переривання дії)
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
3. When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
4. we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.
When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing.
| Perfect | |
| Present | have/has finished |
| Past | had finished |
| Future | will have finished |
I. Present Perfect [has/have + past participle]
1. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
2. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday"
She has been in England for six months.
II. Past Perfect [had + past participle]
1. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
2. to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
III. Future Perfect [will have + past participle]
1. The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future.
By next November, I will have received my promotion.
2. to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.
I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
| Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | have/has been finishing |
| Past | had been finishing |
| Future | will have been finishing |
I. Present Perfect Continuous [has/have + been + present participle]
1. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks,"
She has been working at that company for three years.
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
II. Past Perfect Continuous [had been + present participle]
1. to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
2. Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
III. Future Perfect Continuous [will have been + present participle]
1. to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.
They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
2. Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.
Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
I. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person
1. to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, an event or something that often happens.
She always forgets her purse.
2. the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future.
Birds do not like milk.
3. to talk about scheduled events in the near future.
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
4. to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now.
He needs help right now.
Every never often rarely seldom several times sometimes usually
II. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]
1. to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment.
I am sitting.
2. to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress (this second, today, this month, this year, this century)
I am studying to become a doctor.
3. to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
I am not going to the party tonight.
4. The Present Continuous with words such as "always" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens.
She is always coming to class late.
Always, now
III. Present Perfect [has/have + past participle]
1. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
2. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday"
She has been in England for six months.
IV. Present Perfect Continuous [has/have + been + present participle]
1. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks,"
She has been working at that company for three years.
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
I. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
1. to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
2. to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
3. The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year
I lived in Brazil for two years.
4. to describe a habit which stopped in the past, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
I studied French when I was a child.
(3 weeks) ago. in (1990).on (Tuesday). yesterday
II. Past Continuous [was/were + present participle]
1. to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
2. Specific Time as an Interruption (переривання дії)
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
3. When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
was studying while he was making dinner.
4. In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones
Always Last night Yesterday at this time
III. Past Perfect [had + past participle]
1. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
2. to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
IV. Past Perfect Continuous [had been + present participle]
1. to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
2. Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
I. Future Simple [will + verb]
1. "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. We use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Will you make dinner?
2. "Will" is usually used in promises.
I will call you when I arrive.
3. "Be going to" expresses that something is a plan.
I 'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
in a week. next week. the day after tomorrow. Soon
II. Future Continuous [will be + present participle]
1. to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
2. Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future (переривання дії)
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
3. When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
4. we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.
When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing.
III. Future Perfect [will have + past participle]
1. The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future.
By next November, I will have received my promotion.
2. to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.
I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
IV. Future Perfect Continuous [will have been + present participle]
1. to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.
They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
2. Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.
Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
I. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person
1. to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, an event or something that often happens.
She always forgets her purse.
2. the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future.
Birds do not like milk.
3. to talk about scheduled events in the near future.
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
4. to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now.
He needs help right now.
Every never often rarely seldom several times sometimes usually
II. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]
1. to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment.
I am sitting.
2. to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress (this second, today, this month, this year, this century)
I am studying to become a doctor.
3. to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
I am not going to the party tonight.
4. The Present Continuous with words such as "always" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens.
She is always coming to class late.
Always, now
I. Present Perfect [has/have + past participle]
1. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
2. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday"
She has been in England for six months.
II. Present Perfect Continuous [has/have + been + present participle]
1. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks,"
She has been working at that company for three years.
2. Without the duration such as "for two weeks.", the tense has a more general meaning. We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
I. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
1. to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
2. to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
3. The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year
I lived in Brazil for two years.
4. to describe a habit which stopped in the past, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
I studied French when I was a child.
(4 weeks) ago. in (1990).on (Tuesday). yesterday
II. Past Continuous [was/were + present participle]
1. to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
2. Specific Time as an Interruption (переривання дії)
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
3. When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
was studying while he was making dinner.
4. In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones
Always Last night Yesterday at this time
I. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
1. to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
2. to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
3. The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year
I lived in Brazil for two years.
4. to describe a habit which stopped in the past, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
I studied French when I was a child.
(5 weeks) ago. in (1990).on (Tuesday). yesterday
II. Present Perfect [has/have + past participle]
1. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
2. to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday"
She has been in England for six months.
I. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
1. to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
2. to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
3. The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year
I lived in Brazil for two years.
4. to describe a habit which stopped in the past, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
I studied French when I was a child.
(6 weeks) ago. in (1990).on (Tuesday). yesterday
III. Past Perfect [had + past participle]
1. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
2. to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
If we want to refer to future-time situations we can do this in several ways. In these notes, we look at seven ways.
The first five of these are commonly used in both speech and writing:
1. Emma is seeing Luke tomorrow – the present continuous
2. Emma is going to see Luke tomorrow – BE + going to,
3. Emma sees Luke tomorrow – the present simple.
4. Emma will see Luke tomorrow - future simple
5. Emma will be seeing Luke tomorrow – future continuous
The last two are used in more restricted(обмежених) contexts:
6. Emma is to see Luke tomorrow – BE + to + infinitive.
7. Emma to see Luke tomorrow – to - infinitive.
May/Might
We use the modal verbs "may" and "might" to talk about possible activities or happenings in the future:
I'm not sure I'll go to the party. I may be away.
There isn't much difference between the two. So you can say:
"John might be at home" or "John may be at home".
"I may visit Mary" or "I might visit Mary".
may (35% likelihood) might (20% likelihood)
However, when the situation is unreal, only "might" can be used:
If I were a bit smarter, I might go to college.
Modal verbs are very common and widely used in speech and writing. MAYBE instead of MAY, MIGHT, COULD in the meaning "possibility
Can/Could/be able to
We use can to say that something is possible, or that somebody has an ability to do something.
Can you speak any foreign languages?
The negative form of can is cannot or can’t
Can has only two forms: can (present) and could (past). So sometimes it is necessary to use be able to.
e.g. a) Maria can speak French, Spanish and English.
b)Applicants for the job must be able to speak two languages.
Shall is used mostly in the questions shall I …? / shall we…? to ask somebody’s opinion
Shall I open the window?
We use would/wouldn’t when we imagine a situation or action (we think of something that is not real):
I’d love to live by the sea.
Should is used to give an advice or to give an opinion:
‘You look tired. You should go to bed.’
Should is not as strong as have to and must.
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